Influence of food density and temperature on ingestion, growth and settlement of Pacific oyster larvae, Crassostrea gigas

• Published in: Aquaculture
• Main Authors: Rico Villa, Benjamin, Pouvreau, Stephane, Robert, Rene
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2009
• Subjects: Temperature; Food; Growth; Ecophysiology; Bivalve larvae; Crassostrea gigas; Pacific; Pacific oyster
• Online Access: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4747.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.054; https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4747/

Ingestion, growth and metamorphosis of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, larvae were studied under controlled conditions of food density and temperature using a combination of a flow-through rearing system and a hydrobiological monitoring device. In a first experiment larvae were exposed to three different phytoplankton densities (12, 20 and 40 cells μl-1) while in a second trial larvae were reared at five different temperatures (17, 22, 25, 27 and 32°C). Both food concentration and temperature significantly affected the larval physiology throughout the entire development from D-veliger to young spat. Larvae survived over a wide range of both environmental parameters with high survival at the end of experiments. The feeding functional response provided the maximal ingestion rate (50 000 cells larva-1 day-1) which occurred at an algal density of 20 cells μl-1 surrounding the larvae and 25 °C. At the highest temperature (32 °C), maximal growth and metamorphosis performances were reached in less than 2 weeks while the lowest temperature (17°C) consistently inhibited ingestion and growth over the entire larval period. The estimate of the Arrhenius temperature (TA) was 11000 K for C. gigas larvae. Larval development could be divided on the basis of feeding activity into an initial mixotrophic period with a lower and constant ingestion over the first days (from D- stage to early umbonate larva of ≈110 μm length) followed by an exotrophic phase characterized by a sharp increase in ingestion (umbonate to eyed of ≈ 300 μm length) and, finally, a third period for larvae 300 μm during which ingestion decreased suddenly because of metamorphosis. Optimum larvaldevelopment and settlement of the oyster C. gigas occurred at 27 °C and an increasing food supply as the larvae were growing. A food density of ≥20 cells μl-1 of T-ISO + CP or CG (1:1 cells number) in the culture water was required to maximise growth and metamorphosis success.