Warmer, deeper, and greener mixed layers in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 50 years
Shifts in global climate resonate in plankton dynamics, biogeochemical cycles, and marine food webs. We studied these linkages in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (NASG), which hosts extensive phytoplankton blooms. We show that phytoplankton abundance increased since the 1960s in parallel to a deepe...
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Online Access: | https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00315/42654/84132.pdf https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13100 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00315/42654/ |
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ftarchimer:oai:archimer.ifremer.fr:42654 2023-05-15T17:28:25+02:00 Warmer, deeper, and greener mixed layers in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 50 years Martinez, Elodie Raitsos, Dionysios E. Antoine, David 2016-02 application/pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00315/42654/84132.pdf https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13100 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00315/42654/ eng eng Wiley-blackwell https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00315/42654/84132.pdf doi:10.1111/gcb.13100 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00315/42654/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess restricted use Global Change Biology (1354-1013) (Wiley-blackwell), 2016-02 , Vol. 22 , N. 2 , P. 604-612 AMO bottom-up processes and top-down control chlorophyll climate cycles Continuous Plankton Recorder NAO North Atlantic subpolar gyre phytoplankton decadal variability plankton climate links text Publication info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2016 ftarchimer https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13100 2021-09-23T20:27:34Z Shifts in global climate resonate in plankton dynamics, biogeochemical cycles, and marine food webs. We studied these linkages in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (NASG), which hosts extensive phytoplankton blooms. We show that phytoplankton abundance increased since the 1960s in parallel to a deepening of the mixed layer and a strengthening of winds and heat losses from the ocean, as driven by the low frequency of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). In parallel to these bottom-up processes, the top-down control of phytoplankton by copepods decreased over the same time period in the western NASG, following sea surface temperature changes typical of the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO). While previous studies have hypothesized that climate-driven warming would facilitate seasonal stratification of surface waters and long-term phytoplankton increase in subpolar regions, here we show that deeper mixed layers in the NASG can be warmer and host a higher phytoplankton biomass. These results emphasize that different modes of climate variability regulate bottom-up (NAO control) and top-down (AMO control) forcing on phytoplankton at decadal timescales. As a consequence, different relationships between phytoplankton, zooplankton, and their physical environment appear subject to the disparate temporal scale of the observations (seasonal, interannual, or decadal). The prediction of phytoplankton response to climate change should be built upon what is learnt from observations at the longest timescales. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Copepods Archimer (Archive Institutionnelle de l'Ifremer - Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer) Global Change Biology 22 2 604 612 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Archimer (Archive Institutionnelle de l'Ifremer - Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer) |
op_collection_id |
ftarchimer |
language |
English |
topic |
AMO bottom-up processes and top-down control chlorophyll climate cycles Continuous Plankton Recorder NAO North Atlantic subpolar gyre phytoplankton decadal variability plankton climate links |
spellingShingle |
AMO bottom-up processes and top-down control chlorophyll climate cycles Continuous Plankton Recorder NAO North Atlantic subpolar gyre phytoplankton decadal variability plankton climate links Martinez, Elodie Raitsos, Dionysios E. Antoine, David Warmer, deeper, and greener mixed layers in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 50 years |
topic_facet |
AMO bottom-up processes and top-down control chlorophyll climate cycles Continuous Plankton Recorder NAO North Atlantic subpolar gyre phytoplankton decadal variability plankton climate links |
description |
Shifts in global climate resonate in plankton dynamics, biogeochemical cycles, and marine food webs. We studied these linkages in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (NASG), which hosts extensive phytoplankton blooms. We show that phytoplankton abundance increased since the 1960s in parallel to a deepening of the mixed layer and a strengthening of winds and heat losses from the ocean, as driven by the low frequency of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). In parallel to these bottom-up processes, the top-down control of phytoplankton by copepods decreased over the same time period in the western NASG, following sea surface temperature changes typical of the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO). While previous studies have hypothesized that climate-driven warming would facilitate seasonal stratification of surface waters and long-term phytoplankton increase in subpolar regions, here we show that deeper mixed layers in the NASG can be warmer and host a higher phytoplankton biomass. These results emphasize that different modes of climate variability regulate bottom-up (NAO control) and top-down (AMO control) forcing on phytoplankton at decadal timescales. As a consequence, different relationships between phytoplankton, zooplankton, and their physical environment appear subject to the disparate temporal scale of the observations (seasonal, interannual, or decadal). The prediction of phytoplankton response to climate change should be built upon what is learnt from observations at the longest timescales. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Martinez, Elodie Raitsos, Dionysios E. Antoine, David |
author_facet |
Martinez, Elodie Raitsos, Dionysios E. Antoine, David |
author_sort |
Martinez, Elodie |
title |
Warmer, deeper, and greener mixed layers in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 50 years |
title_short |
Warmer, deeper, and greener mixed layers in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 50 years |
title_full |
Warmer, deeper, and greener mixed layers in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 50 years |
title_fullStr |
Warmer, deeper, and greener mixed layers in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 50 years |
title_full_unstemmed |
Warmer, deeper, and greener mixed layers in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 50 years |
title_sort |
warmer, deeper, and greener mixed layers in the north atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 50 years |
publisher |
Wiley-blackwell |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00315/42654/84132.pdf https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13100 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00315/42654/ |
genre |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Copepods |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Copepods |
op_source |
Global Change Biology (1354-1013) (Wiley-blackwell), 2016-02 , Vol. 22 , N. 2 , P. 604-612 |
op_relation |
https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00315/42654/84132.pdf doi:10.1111/gcb.13100 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00315/42654/ |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess restricted use |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13100 |
container_title |
Global Change Biology |
container_volume |
22 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
604 |
op_container_end_page |
612 |
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1766121064381808640 |