Antarctic icebergs distributions 1992-2014
Basal melting of floating ice shelves and iceberg calving constitute the two almost equal paths of freshwater flux between the Antarctic ice cap and the Southern Ocean. The largest icebergs (>100 km2) transport most of the ice volume but their basal melting is small compared to their breaking int...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
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ftarchimer:oai:archimer.ifremer.fr:41863 2023-05-15T13:50:50+02:00 Antarctic icebergs distributions 1992-2014 Tournadre, Jean Bouhier, Nicolas Girard-ardhuin, Fanny Remy, F. 2016-01 application/pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00307/41863/41114.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00307/41863/41115.pdf https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011178 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00307/41863/ eng eng Amer Geophysical Union https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00307/41863/41114.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00307/41863/41115.pdf doi:10.1002/2015JC011178 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00307/41863/ 2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess restricted use Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans (0148-0027) (Amer Geophysical Union), 2016-01 , Vol. 121 , N. 1 , P. 327-349 iceberg altimetry Southern Ocean text Publication info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2016 ftarchimer https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011178 2021-09-23T20:27:26Z Basal melting of floating ice shelves and iceberg calving constitute the two almost equal paths of freshwater flux between the Antarctic ice cap and the Southern Ocean. The largest icebergs (>100 km2) transport most of the ice volume but their basal melting is small compared to their breaking into smaller icebergs that constitute thus the major vector of freshwater. The archives of nine altimeters have been processed to create a database of small icebergs (<8 km2) within open water containing the positions, sizes, and volumes spanning the 1992–2014 period. The intercalibrated monthly ice volumes from the different altimeters have been merged in a homogeneous 23 year climatology. The iceberg size distribution, covering the 0.1–10,000 km2 range, estimated by combining small and large icebergs size measurements follows well a power law of slope −1.52 ± 0.32 close to the −3/2 laws observed and modeled for brittle fragmentation. The global volume of ice and its distribution between the ocean basins present a very strong interannual variability only partially explained by the number of large icebergs. Indeed, vast zones of the Southern Ocean free of large icebergs are largely populated by small iceberg drifting over thousands of kilometers. The correlation between the global small and large icebergs volumes shows that small icebergs are mainly generated by large ones breaking. Drifting and trapping by sea ice can transport small icebergs for long period and distances. Small icebergs act as an ice diffuse process along large icebergs trajectories while sea ice trapping acts as a buffer delaying melting. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Ice cap Ice Shelves Iceberg* Sea ice Southern Ocean Archimer (Archive Institutionnelle de l'Ifremer - Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer) Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 121 1 327 349 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Archimer (Archive Institutionnelle de l'Ifremer - Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer) |
op_collection_id |
ftarchimer |
language |
English |
topic |
iceberg altimetry Southern Ocean |
spellingShingle |
iceberg altimetry Southern Ocean Tournadre, Jean Bouhier, Nicolas Girard-ardhuin, Fanny Remy, F. Antarctic icebergs distributions 1992-2014 |
topic_facet |
iceberg altimetry Southern Ocean |
description |
Basal melting of floating ice shelves and iceberg calving constitute the two almost equal paths of freshwater flux between the Antarctic ice cap and the Southern Ocean. The largest icebergs (>100 km2) transport most of the ice volume but their basal melting is small compared to their breaking into smaller icebergs that constitute thus the major vector of freshwater. The archives of nine altimeters have been processed to create a database of small icebergs (<8 km2) within open water containing the positions, sizes, and volumes spanning the 1992–2014 period. The intercalibrated monthly ice volumes from the different altimeters have been merged in a homogeneous 23 year climatology. The iceberg size distribution, covering the 0.1–10,000 km2 range, estimated by combining small and large icebergs size measurements follows well a power law of slope −1.52 ± 0.32 close to the −3/2 laws observed and modeled for brittle fragmentation. The global volume of ice and its distribution between the ocean basins present a very strong interannual variability only partially explained by the number of large icebergs. Indeed, vast zones of the Southern Ocean free of large icebergs are largely populated by small iceberg drifting over thousands of kilometers. The correlation between the global small and large icebergs volumes shows that small icebergs are mainly generated by large ones breaking. Drifting and trapping by sea ice can transport small icebergs for long period and distances. Small icebergs act as an ice diffuse process along large icebergs trajectories while sea ice trapping acts as a buffer delaying melting. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Tournadre, Jean Bouhier, Nicolas Girard-ardhuin, Fanny Remy, F. |
author_facet |
Tournadre, Jean Bouhier, Nicolas Girard-ardhuin, Fanny Remy, F. |
author_sort |
Tournadre, Jean |
title |
Antarctic icebergs distributions 1992-2014 |
title_short |
Antarctic icebergs distributions 1992-2014 |
title_full |
Antarctic icebergs distributions 1992-2014 |
title_fullStr |
Antarctic icebergs distributions 1992-2014 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Antarctic icebergs distributions 1992-2014 |
title_sort |
antarctic icebergs distributions 1992-2014 |
publisher |
Amer Geophysical Union |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00307/41863/41114.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00307/41863/41115.pdf https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011178 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00307/41863/ |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Ice cap Ice Shelves Iceberg* Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Ice cap Ice Shelves Iceberg* Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans (0148-0027) (Amer Geophysical Union), 2016-01 , Vol. 121 , N. 1 , P. 327-349 |
op_relation |
https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00307/41863/41114.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00307/41863/41115.pdf doi:10.1002/2015JC011178 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00307/41863/ |
op_rights |
2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess restricted use |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011178 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
container_volume |
121 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
327 |
op_container_end_page |
349 |
_version_ |
1766254151000391680 |