Iron budgets for three distinct biogeochemical sites around the Kerguelen Archipelago (Southern Ocean) during the natural fertilisation study, KEOPS-2
Iron availability in the Southern Ocean controls phytoplankton growth, community composition and the uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the biological pump. The KEOPS-2 (KErguelen Ocean and Plateau compared Study 2) "process study", took place around the Kerguelen Plateau in the Indian sector of...
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Language: | English |
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Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh
2015
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Online Access: | https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/37233.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/37234.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/71319.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/71320.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4421-2015 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/ |
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ftarchimer:oai:archimer.ifremer.fr:38726 2023-05-15T17:02:08+02:00 Iron budgets for three distinct biogeochemical sites around the Kerguelen Archipelago (Southern Ocean) during the natural fertilisation study, KEOPS-2 Bowie, A. R. Van Der Merwe, P. Queroue, Fabien Trull, Thomas Fourquez, M. Planchon, F. Sarthou, Geraldine Chever, Fanny Townsend, A. T. Obernosterer, I. Sallee, Jean-baptiste Blain, S. 2015 application/pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/37233.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/37234.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/71319.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/71320.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4421-2015 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/ eng eng Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/37233.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/37234.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/71319.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/71320.pdf doi:10.5194/bg-12-4421-2015 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/ Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess restricted use CC-BY Biogeosciences (1726-4170) (Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh), 2015 , Vol. 12 , N. 14 , P. 4421-4445 text Publication info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2015 ftarchimer https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4421-2015 2021-09-23T20:26:36Z Iron availability in the Southern Ocean controls phytoplankton growth, community composition and the uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the biological pump. The KEOPS-2 (KErguelen Ocean and Plateau compared Study 2) "process study", took place around the Kerguelen Plateau in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. This is a region naturally fertilised with iron on the scale of hundreds to thousands of square kilometres, producing a mosaic of spring blooms which show distinct biological and biogeochemical responses to fertilisation. This paper presents biogeochemical iron budgets (incorporating vertical and lateral supply, internal cycling, and sinks) for three contrasting sites: an upstream high-nutrient low-chlorophyll reference, over the plateau and in the offshore plume east of the Kerguelen Islands. These budgets show that distinct regional environments driven by complex circulation and transport path-ways are responsible for differences in the mode and strength of iron supply, with vertical supply dominant on the plateau and lateral supply dominant in the plume. Iron supply from "new" sources (diffusion, upwelling, entrainment, lateral advection, atmospheric dust) to the surface waters of the plume was double that above the plateau and 20 times greater than at the reference site, whilst iron demand (measured by cellular uptake) in the plume was similar to that above the plateau but 40 times greater than at the reference site. "Recycled" iron supply by bacterial regeneration and zooplankton grazing was a relatively minor component at all sites (<8% of new supply), in contrast to earlier findings from other bio-geochemical iron budgets in the Southern Ocean. Over the plateau, a particulate iron dissolution term of 2.5% was invoked to balance the budget; this approximately doubled the standing stock of dissolved iron in the mixed layer. The ex-change of iron between dissolved, biogenic particulate and lithogenic particulate pools was highly dynamic in time and space, resulting in a decoupling of the iron supply and carbon export and, importantly, controlling the efficiency of fertilisation. Article in Journal/Newspaper Kerguelen Islands Southern Ocean Archimer (Archive Institutionnelle de l'Ifremer - Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer) Indian Kerguelen Kerguelen Islands Southern Ocean Biogeosciences 12 14 4421 4445 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Archimer (Archive Institutionnelle de l'Ifremer - Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer) |
op_collection_id |
ftarchimer |
language |
English |
description |
Iron availability in the Southern Ocean controls phytoplankton growth, community composition and the uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the biological pump. The KEOPS-2 (KErguelen Ocean and Plateau compared Study 2) "process study", took place around the Kerguelen Plateau in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. This is a region naturally fertilised with iron on the scale of hundreds to thousands of square kilometres, producing a mosaic of spring blooms which show distinct biological and biogeochemical responses to fertilisation. This paper presents biogeochemical iron budgets (incorporating vertical and lateral supply, internal cycling, and sinks) for three contrasting sites: an upstream high-nutrient low-chlorophyll reference, over the plateau and in the offshore plume east of the Kerguelen Islands. These budgets show that distinct regional environments driven by complex circulation and transport path-ways are responsible for differences in the mode and strength of iron supply, with vertical supply dominant on the plateau and lateral supply dominant in the plume. Iron supply from "new" sources (diffusion, upwelling, entrainment, lateral advection, atmospheric dust) to the surface waters of the plume was double that above the plateau and 20 times greater than at the reference site, whilst iron demand (measured by cellular uptake) in the plume was similar to that above the plateau but 40 times greater than at the reference site. "Recycled" iron supply by bacterial regeneration and zooplankton grazing was a relatively minor component at all sites (<8% of new supply), in contrast to earlier findings from other bio-geochemical iron budgets in the Southern Ocean. Over the plateau, a particulate iron dissolution term of 2.5% was invoked to balance the budget; this approximately doubled the standing stock of dissolved iron in the mixed layer. The ex-change of iron between dissolved, biogenic particulate and lithogenic particulate pools was highly dynamic in time and space, resulting in a decoupling of the iron supply and carbon export and, importantly, controlling the efficiency of fertilisation. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bowie, A. R. Van Der Merwe, P. Queroue, Fabien Trull, Thomas Fourquez, M. Planchon, F. Sarthou, Geraldine Chever, Fanny Townsend, A. T. Obernosterer, I. Sallee, Jean-baptiste Blain, S. |
spellingShingle |
Bowie, A. R. Van Der Merwe, P. Queroue, Fabien Trull, Thomas Fourquez, M. Planchon, F. Sarthou, Geraldine Chever, Fanny Townsend, A. T. Obernosterer, I. Sallee, Jean-baptiste Blain, S. Iron budgets for three distinct biogeochemical sites around the Kerguelen Archipelago (Southern Ocean) during the natural fertilisation study, KEOPS-2 |
author_facet |
Bowie, A. R. Van Der Merwe, P. Queroue, Fabien Trull, Thomas Fourquez, M. Planchon, F. Sarthou, Geraldine Chever, Fanny Townsend, A. T. Obernosterer, I. Sallee, Jean-baptiste Blain, S. |
author_sort |
Bowie, A. R. |
title |
Iron budgets for three distinct biogeochemical sites around the Kerguelen Archipelago (Southern Ocean) during the natural fertilisation study, KEOPS-2 |
title_short |
Iron budgets for three distinct biogeochemical sites around the Kerguelen Archipelago (Southern Ocean) during the natural fertilisation study, KEOPS-2 |
title_full |
Iron budgets for three distinct biogeochemical sites around the Kerguelen Archipelago (Southern Ocean) during the natural fertilisation study, KEOPS-2 |
title_fullStr |
Iron budgets for three distinct biogeochemical sites around the Kerguelen Archipelago (Southern Ocean) during the natural fertilisation study, KEOPS-2 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Iron budgets for three distinct biogeochemical sites around the Kerguelen Archipelago (Southern Ocean) during the natural fertilisation study, KEOPS-2 |
title_sort |
iron budgets for three distinct biogeochemical sites around the kerguelen archipelago (southern ocean) during the natural fertilisation study, keops-2 |
publisher |
Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/37233.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/37234.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/71319.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/71320.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4421-2015 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/ |
geographic |
Indian Kerguelen Kerguelen Islands Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Indian Kerguelen Kerguelen Islands Southern Ocean |
genre |
Kerguelen Islands Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Kerguelen Islands Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Biogeosciences (1726-4170) (Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh), 2015 , Vol. 12 , N. 14 , P. 4421-4445 |
op_relation |
https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/37233.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/37234.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/71319.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/71320.pdf doi:10.5194/bg-12-4421-2015 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38726/ |
op_rights |
Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess restricted use |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4421-2015 |
container_title |
Biogeosciences |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
14 |
container_start_page |
4421 |
op_container_end_page |
4445 |
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1766055383389962240 |