When and where did troidine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) evolve? Phylogenetic and biogeographic evidence suggests an origin in remnant Gondwana in the Late Cretaceous
The age, geographic origin and time of major radiation of the butterflies (Hesperioidea + Papilionoidea + Hedyloidea) are largely unknown. The general modern view is that butterflies arose during the Late Jurassic/Cretaceous in the southern hemisphere (southern Pangea/Gondwana before continental bre...
Main Authors: | , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
CSIRO Publishing
2015
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1885/81647 |
id |
ftanucanberra:oai:digitalcollections.anu.edu.au:1885/81647 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftanucanberra:oai:digitalcollections.anu.edu.au:1885/81647 2023-05-15T13:56:14+02:00 When and where did troidine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) evolve? Phylogenetic and biogeographic evidence suggests an origin in remnant Gondwana in the Late Cretaceous Braby, Michael Trueman, John Eastwood, Rod 2015-12-13T22:53:01Z http://hdl.handle.net/1885/81647 unknown CSIRO Publishing 1445-5226 http://hdl.handle.net/1885/81647 Invertebrate Systematics Keywords: biogeography butterfly evolution Gondwana phylogenetics Baroniinae Cressida Euryades Graphiini Hedyloidea Hesperioidea Lepidoptera Mya Papilionidae Papilionini Papilionoidea Parnassiinae Pieridae Troidini Journal article 2015 ftanucanberra 2015-12-21T23:53:18Z The age, geographic origin and time of major radiation of the butterflies (Hesperioidea + Papilionoidea + Hedyloidea) are largely unknown. The general modern view is that butterflies arose during the Late Jurassic/Cretaceous in the southern hemisphere (southern Pangea/Gondwana before continental breakup), but this is not universally accepted, and is a best guess based largely on circumstantial evidence. The extreme paucity of fossils and lack of modern, higher-level phylogenies of extant monophyletic groups have been major impediments towards determining reliable estimates of either their age or geographic origin. Here we present a phylogenetic and historical biogeographic analysis of a higher butterfly taxon, the swallowtail tribe Troidini. We analysed molecular data for three protein-encoding genes, mitochondrial ND5 and COI-COII, and nuclear EF-1α, both separately and in combination using maximum parsimony (with and without character weighting and transition/ transversion weighting), maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Our sample included representatives of all 10 genera of Troidini and distant ingroup taxa (Baroniinae, Parnassiinae, Graphiini, Papilionini), with Pieridae as outgroup. Analysis of the combined dataset (4326 bp; 1012 parsimony informative characters) recovered the Troidini as a well supported monophyletic group and the monophyly of its two subtribes, Battina and Troidina. The most parsimonious biogeographic hypothesis suggests a southern origin of the tribe in remnant Gondwana (Madagascar-Greater India-Australia-Antarctica-South America) sometime after the rifting and final separation of Africa in the Late Cretaceous (<90 Mya). Although an ancient vicariance pattern is proposed, at least four relatively recent dispersal/extinction events are needed to reconcile anomalies in distribution, most of which can be explained by geological and climatic events in South-east Asia and Australia during the late Tertiary. Application of a molecular clock based on a rate smoothing programme to estimate various divergence times based on vicariance events, revealed two peculiarities in our biogeographic vicariance model that do not strictly accord with current understanding of the temporal breakup of Gondwana: (7) the troidine fauna of Greater India did not become isolated from Gondwana (Antarctica) until the end of the Cretaceous (c. 65 Mya), well after Madagascar separated from Greater India (84 Mya); and (2) the faunas of Greater India, Australia and South America diverged simultaneously, also at the K/T boundary. A recent published estimate of the time (31 Mya) of divergence between Cressida Swainson (Australia) and Euryades Felder & Felder (South America) is shown to be in error. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Australian National University: ANU Digital Collections |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Australian National University: ANU Digital Collections |
op_collection_id |
ftanucanberra |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Keywords: biogeography butterfly evolution Gondwana phylogenetics Baroniinae Cressida Euryades Graphiini Hedyloidea Hesperioidea Lepidoptera Mya Papilionidae Papilionini Papilionoidea Parnassiinae Pieridae Troidini |
spellingShingle |
Keywords: biogeography butterfly evolution Gondwana phylogenetics Baroniinae Cressida Euryades Graphiini Hedyloidea Hesperioidea Lepidoptera Mya Papilionidae Papilionini Papilionoidea Parnassiinae Pieridae Troidini Braby, Michael Trueman, John Eastwood, Rod When and where did troidine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) evolve? Phylogenetic and biogeographic evidence suggests an origin in remnant Gondwana in the Late Cretaceous |
topic_facet |
Keywords: biogeography butterfly evolution Gondwana phylogenetics Baroniinae Cressida Euryades Graphiini Hedyloidea Hesperioidea Lepidoptera Mya Papilionidae Papilionini Papilionoidea Parnassiinae Pieridae Troidini |
description |
The age, geographic origin and time of major radiation of the butterflies (Hesperioidea + Papilionoidea + Hedyloidea) are largely unknown. The general modern view is that butterflies arose during the Late Jurassic/Cretaceous in the southern hemisphere (southern Pangea/Gondwana before continental breakup), but this is not universally accepted, and is a best guess based largely on circumstantial evidence. The extreme paucity of fossils and lack of modern, higher-level phylogenies of extant monophyletic groups have been major impediments towards determining reliable estimates of either their age or geographic origin. Here we present a phylogenetic and historical biogeographic analysis of a higher butterfly taxon, the swallowtail tribe Troidini. We analysed molecular data for three protein-encoding genes, mitochondrial ND5 and COI-COII, and nuclear EF-1α, both separately and in combination using maximum parsimony (with and without character weighting and transition/ transversion weighting), maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Our sample included representatives of all 10 genera of Troidini and distant ingroup taxa (Baroniinae, Parnassiinae, Graphiini, Papilionini), with Pieridae as outgroup. Analysis of the combined dataset (4326 bp; 1012 parsimony informative characters) recovered the Troidini as a well supported monophyletic group and the monophyly of its two subtribes, Battina and Troidina. The most parsimonious biogeographic hypothesis suggests a southern origin of the tribe in remnant Gondwana (Madagascar-Greater India-Australia-Antarctica-South America) sometime after the rifting and final separation of Africa in the Late Cretaceous (<90 Mya). Although an ancient vicariance pattern is proposed, at least four relatively recent dispersal/extinction events are needed to reconcile anomalies in distribution, most of which can be explained by geological and climatic events in South-east Asia and Australia during the late Tertiary. Application of a molecular clock based on a rate smoothing programme to estimate various divergence times based on vicariance events, revealed two peculiarities in our biogeographic vicariance model that do not strictly accord with current understanding of the temporal breakup of Gondwana: (7) the troidine fauna of Greater India did not become isolated from Gondwana (Antarctica) until the end of the Cretaceous (c. 65 Mya), well after Madagascar separated from Greater India (84 Mya); and (2) the faunas of Greater India, Australia and South America diverged simultaneously, also at the K/T boundary. A recent published estimate of the time (31 Mya) of divergence between Cressida Swainson (Australia) and Euryades Felder & Felder (South America) is shown to be in error. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Braby, Michael Trueman, John Eastwood, Rod |
author_facet |
Braby, Michael Trueman, John Eastwood, Rod |
author_sort |
Braby, Michael |
title |
When and where did troidine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) evolve? Phylogenetic and biogeographic evidence suggests an origin in remnant Gondwana in the Late Cretaceous |
title_short |
When and where did troidine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) evolve? Phylogenetic and biogeographic evidence suggests an origin in remnant Gondwana in the Late Cretaceous |
title_full |
When and where did troidine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) evolve? Phylogenetic and biogeographic evidence suggests an origin in remnant Gondwana in the Late Cretaceous |
title_fullStr |
When and where did troidine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) evolve? Phylogenetic and biogeographic evidence suggests an origin in remnant Gondwana in the Late Cretaceous |
title_full_unstemmed |
When and where did troidine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) evolve? Phylogenetic and biogeographic evidence suggests an origin in remnant Gondwana in the Late Cretaceous |
title_sort |
when and where did troidine butterflies (lepidoptera: papilionidae) evolve? phylogenetic and biogeographic evidence suggests an origin in remnant gondwana in the late cretaceous |
publisher |
CSIRO Publishing |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1885/81647 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica |
op_source |
Invertebrate Systematics |
op_relation |
1445-5226 http://hdl.handle.net/1885/81647 |
_version_ |
1766263598144815104 |