Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium
The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the primary pattern of climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere1,2, influencing latitudinal rainfall distribution and temperatures from the subtropics to Antarctica. The positive summer trend in the SAM over recent decades is widely attributed to stratospheri...
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ftanucanberra:oai:digitalcollections.anu.edu.au:1885/73904 2023-05-15T13:56:44+02:00 Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium Abram, Nerilie Mulvaney, Robert Vimeux, Françoise Phipps, Steven J Turner, John England, Matthew 2015-12-13T22:27:20Z http://hdl.handle.net/1885/73904 unknown Nature Publishing Group 1758-678X http://hdl.handle.net/1885/73904 Nature Climate Change Journal article 2015 ftanucanberra 2015-12-21T23:48:37Z The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the primary pattern of climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere1,2, influencing latitudinal rainfall distribution and temperatures from the subtropics to Antarctica. The positive summer trend in the SAM over recent decades is widely attributed to stratospheric ozone depletion2; however, the brevity of observational records from Antarctica1-one of the core zones that defines SAM variability-limits our understanding of long-term SAM behaviour. Here we reconstruct annual mean changes in the SAM since AD 1000 using, for the first time, proxy records that encompass the full mid-latitude to polar domain across the Drake Passage sector. We find that the SAM has undergone a progressive shift towards its positive phase since the fifteenth century, causing cooling of the main Antarctic continent at the same time that the Antarctic Peninsula has warmed. The positive trend in the SAM since ~AD 1940 is reproduced by multimodel climate simulations forced with rising greenhouse gas levels and later ozone depletion, and the long-term average SAMindex is nowat its highest level for at least the past 1,000 years. Reconstructed SAMtrends before the twentieth century are more prominent than those in radiative-forcing climate experiments and may be associated with a teleconnected response to tropical Pacific climate. Our findings imply that predictions of further greenhouse-driven increases in the SAM over the comingcentury3 alsoneedtoaccount for the possibility of opposing effects from tropical Pacific climate changes. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica Drake Passage Australian National University: ANU Digital Collections Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Drake Passage Pacific The Antarctic |
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Open Polar |
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Australian National University: ANU Digital Collections |
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ftanucanberra |
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unknown |
description |
The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the primary pattern of climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere1,2, influencing latitudinal rainfall distribution and temperatures from the subtropics to Antarctica. The positive summer trend in the SAM over recent decades is widely attributed to stratospheric ozone depletion2; however, the brevity of observational records from Antarctica1-one of the core zones that defines SAM variability-limits our understanding of long-term SAM behaviour. Here we reconstruct annual mean changes in the SAM since AD 1000 using, for the first time, proxy records that encompass the full mid-latitude to polar domain across the Drake Passage sector. We find that the SAM has undergone a progressive shift towards its positive phase since the fifteenth century, causing cooling of the main Antarctic continent at the same time that the Antarctic Peninsula has warmed. The positive trend in the SAM since ~AD 1940 is reproduced by multimodel climate simulations forced with rising greenhouse gas levels and later ozone depletion, and the long-term average SAMindex is nowat its highest level for at least the past 1,000 years. Reconstructed SAMtrends before the twentieth century are more prominent than those in radiative-forcing climate experiments and may be associated with a teleconnected response to tropical Pacific climate. Our findings imply that predictions of further greenhouse-driven increases in the SAM over the comingcentury3 alsoneedtoaccount for the possibility of opposing effects from tropical Pacific climate changes. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Abram, Nerilie Mulvaney, Robert Vimeux, Françoise Phipps, Steven J Turner, John England, Matthew |
spellingShingle |
Abram, Nerilie Mulvaney, Robert Vimeux, Françoise Phipps, Steven J Turner, John England, Matthew Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium |
author_facet |
Abram, Nerilie Mulvaney, Robert Vimeux, Françoise Phipps, Steven J Turner, John England, Matthew |
author_sort |
Abram, Nerilie |
title |
Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium |
title_short |
Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium |
title_full |
Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium |
title_fullStr |
Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium |
title_sort |
evolution of the southern annular mode during the past millennium |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1885/73904 |
geographic |
Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Drake Passage Pacific The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Drake Passage Pacific The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica Drake Passage |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica Drake Passage |
op_source |
Nature Climate Change |
op_relation |
1758-678X http://hdl.handle.net/1885/73904 |
_version_ |
1766264315974778880 |