Material and mechanical properties of young basalt in drill cores from the oceanic island of Surtsey, Iceland
International audience Characterization of 2017 drill core samples from Surtsey, an oceanic island produced by 1963−1967 eruptions in the offshore extension of Iceland’s east rift zone, reveals highly heterogeneous microstructural, physical, and mechanical properties in subaerial, submarine, and sub...
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ftanrparis:oai:HAL:hal-04440787v1 2024-09-15T18:14:24+00:00 Material and mechanical properties of young basalt in drill cores from the oceanic island of Surtsey, Iceland Jackson, M.D. Heap, M.J. Vola, G. Ardit, M. Rhodes, J.M. Peterson, J.G. Tamura, N. Gudmundsson, M.T. Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES) École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ANR-21-CE49-0010,MYGALE,Modélisation phYsico-chimique des Gradients de l'ALtération hydrothermale: sentinelle de la dynamique d'instabilité gravitaire des volcans Explosifs(2021) 2024-02-05 https://hal.science/hal-04440787 https://doi.org/10.1130/B37037.1 en eng HAL CCSD Geological Society of America info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1130/B37037.1 hal-04440787 https://hal.science/hal-04440787 doi:10.1130/B37037.1 ISSN: 0016-7606 Geological Society of America Bulletin https://hal.science/hal-04440787 Geological Society of America Bulletin, 2024, ⟨10.1130/B37037.1⟩ [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2024 ftanrparis https://doi.org/10.1130/B37037.1 2024-07-12T10:43:07Z International audience Characterization of 2017 drill core samples from Surtsey, an oceanic island produced by 1963−1967 eruptions in the offshore extension of Iceland’s east rift zone, reveals highly heterogeneous microstructural, physical, and mechanical properties in subaerial, submarine, and subseafloor basaltic deposits. The connected porosity varies from 42% in weakly consolidated lapilli tuff in a submarine inflow zone to 21% in strongly lithified lapilli tuff in upper subseafloor deposits near the explosively excavated conduit. Permeability, however, varies over six orders of magnitude, from 10−18 m2 to 10−13 m2. Uniaxial compressive strength, P-wave velocity, and thermal conductivity are also highly variable: 10−70 MPa, 1.48−3.74 km·s−1, and 0.472−0.862 W·m−1·K−1, respectively. Synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction analyses integrated with major-element geochemistry and quantitative X-ray powder diffraction analyses describe the initial alteration of fresh glass, incipient consolidation of a fine-ash matrix, and partial closure of pores with mineral cements. Permeability, micromechanical, and thermal property modeling highlight how porosity and pore size in eruptive fabrics—modified through diverse cementing microstructures—influence the physical properties of the pyroclastic deposits. Borehole temperatures, 25−141 °C (measured from 1980 to 2018), do not directly correlate with rock strength properties; rather, the abundance and consolidation of a binding fine-ash matrix appears to be a primary factor. Analytical results integrated with archival data from 1979 drill core samples provide reference parameters for geophysical and heat transfer studies, the physical characteristics of pyroclastic deposits that lithify on a decadal scale, and the stability and survival of oceanic islands over time. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Surtsey Portail HAL-ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) Geological Society of America Bulletin 136 9-10 3527 3552 |
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Open Polar |
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Portail HAL-ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) |
op_collection_id |
ftanrparis |
language |
English |
topic |
[SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology |
spellingShingle |
[SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology Jackson, M.D. Heap, M.J. Vola, G. Ardit, M. Rhodes, J.M. Peterson, J.G. Tamura, N. Gudmundsson, M.T. Material and mechanical properties of young basalt in drill cores from the oceanic island of Surtsey, Iceland |
topic_facet |
[SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology |
description |
International audience Characterization of 2017 drill core samples from Surtsey, an oceanic island produced by 1963−1967 eruptions in the offshore extension of Iceland’s east rift zone, reveals highly heterogeneous microstructural, physical, and mechanical properties in subaerial, submarine, and subseafloor basaltic deposits. The connected porosity varies from 42% in weakly consolidated lapilli tuff in a submarine inflow zone to 21% in strongly lithified lapilli tuff in upper subseafloor deposits near the explosively excavated conduit. Permeability, however, varies over six orders of magnitude, from 10−18 m2 to 10−13 m2. Uniaxial compressive strength, P-wave velocity, and thermal conductivity are also highly variable: 10−70 MPa, 1.48−3.74 km·s−1, and 0.472−0.862 W·m−1·K−1, respectively. Synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction analyses integrated with major-element geochemistry and quantitative X-ray powder diffraction analyses describe the initial alteration of fresh glass, incipient consolidation of a fine-ash matrix, and partial closure of pores with mineral cements. Permeability, micromechanical, and thermal property modeling highlight how porosity and pore size in eruptive fabrics—modified through diverse cementing microstructures—influence the physical properties of the pyroclastic deposits. Borehole temperatures, 25−141 °C (measured from 1980 to 2018), do not directly correlate with rock strength properties; rather, the abundance and consolidation of a binding fine-ash matrix appears to be a primary factor. Analytical results integrated with archival data from 1979 drill core samples provide reference parameters for geophysical and heat transfer studies, the physical characteristics of pyroclastic deposits that lithify on a decadal scale, and the stability and survival of oceanic islands over time. |
author2 |
Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES) École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ANR-21-CE49-0010,MYGALE,Modélisation phYsico-chimique des Gradients de l'ALtération hydrothermale: sentinelle de la dynamique d'instabilité gravitaire des volcans Explosifs(2021) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jackson, M.D. Heap, M.J. Vola, G. Ardit, M. Rhodes, J.M. Peterson, J.G. Tamura, N. Gudmundsson, M.T. |
author_facet |
Jackson, M.D. Heap, M.J. Vola, G. Ardit, M. Rhodes, J.M. Peterson, J.G. Tamura, N. Gudmundsson, M.T. |
author_sort |
Jackson, M.D. |
title |
Material and mechanical properties of young basalt in drill cores from the oceanic island of Surtsey, Iceland |
title_short |
Material and mechanical properties of young basalt in drill cores from the oceanic island of Surtsey, Iceland |
title_full |
Material and mechanical properties of young basalt in drill cores from the oceanic island of Surtsey, Iceland |
title_fullStr |
Material and mechanical properties of young basalt in drill cores from the oceanic island of Surtsey, Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Material and mechanical properties of young basalt in drill cores from the oceanic island of Surtsey, Iceland |
title_sort |
material and mechanical properties of young basalt in drill cores from the oceanic island of surtsey, iceland |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-04440787 https://doi.org/10.1130/B37037.1 |
genre |
Iceland Surtsey |
genre_facet |
Iceland Surtsey |
op_source |
ISSN: 0016-7606 Geological Society of America Bulletin https://hal.science/hal-04440787 Geological Society of America Bulletin, 2024, ⟨10.1130/B37037.1⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1130/B37037.1 hal-04440787 https://hal.science/hal-04440787 doi:10.1130/B37037.1 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1130/B37037.1 |
container_title |
Geological Society of America Bulletin |
container_volume |
136 |
container_issue |
9-10 |
container_start_page |
3527 |
op_container_end_page |
3552 |
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1810452161729921024 |