Snow and avalanche climates in the French Alps using avalanche problem frequencies
International audience Abstract Avalanches result from an interaction of weather and terrain, where past weather and internal snow cover processes play important roles. So far, climatology was mainly based on weather data, as regional snow instability information, such as avalanche activity, is scar...
Published in: | Journal of Glaciology |
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Main Authors: | , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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HAL CCSD
2023
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Online Access: | https://hal.science/hal-04248727 https://hal.science/hal-04248727/document https://hal.science/hal-04248727/file/snow-and-avalanche-climates-in-the-french-alps-using-avalanche-problem-frequencies.pdf https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.23 |
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ftanrparis:oai:HAL:hal-04248727v1 |
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Portail HAL-ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) |
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language |
English |
topic |
[SDE]Environmental Sciences |
spellingShingle |
[SDE]Environmental Sciences Reuter, Benjamin Hagenmuller, Pascal Eckert, Nicolas Snow and avalanche climates in the French Alps using avalanche problem frequencies |
topic_facet |
[SDE]Environmental Sciences |
description |
International audience Abstract Avalanches result from an interaction of weather and terrain, where past weather and internal snow cover processes play important roles. So far, climatology was mainly based on weather data, as regional snow instability information, such as avalanche activity, is scarce on climatological time scales. We present a new approach to create a snow avalanche climatology from simulations of avalanche problem types based on snow cover simulations of reanalysis data and a cluster analysis. Analyzing the winters between 1958 and 2020 in the French Alps, wet-snow situations dominated natural release. Dry-snow situations with non-persistent and persistent weak layers occurred each on at least one third of the days. Four typical patterns of avalanche problem types were identified. They follow the main orography with more new snow situations in the northern regions and more cases of persistent weak layers in inner-Alpine regions. In the front-ranges and in southern regions wet-snow situations occurred early in winter – typical for coastal snow climates. Agreement with the standard snow climate classification and the geography of the French Alps suggests that mountain regions with similar conditions can now be outlined. This method for snow avalanche climatology will inform avalanche forecasting and facilitate climate change impact studies. |
author2 |
Centre d'Etudes de la Neige (CEN) Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA) SLF Institut pour l'étude de la neige et des avalanches (SLF) SLF Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ) Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA) ANR-20-ERC8-0001,SMARtEN,Modélisation Statistique pour l'Evaluation et la Mitigation des Risques en Montagne dans un Environnement Changeant(2020) ANR-10-LABX-0056,OSUG@2020,Innovative strategies for observing and modelling natural systems(2010) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Reuter, Benjamin Hagenmuller, Pascal Eckert, Nicolas |
author_facet |
Reuter, Benjamin Hagenmuller, Pascal Eckert, Nicolas |
author_sort |
Reuter, Benjamin |
title |
Snow and avalanche climates in the French Alps using avalanche problem frequencies |
title_short |
Snow and avalanche climates in the French Alps using avalanche problem frequencies |
title_full |
Snow and avalanche climates in the French Alps using avalanche problem frequencies |
title_fullStr |
Snow and avalanche climates in the French Alps using avalanche problem frequencies |
title_full_unstemmed |
Snow and avalanche climates in the French Alps using avalanche problem frequencies |
title_sort |
snow and avalanche climates in the french alps using avalanche problem frequencies |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-04248727 https://hal.science/hal-04248727/document https://hal.science/hal-04248727/file/snow-and-avalanche-climates-in-the-french-alps-using-avalanche-problem-frequencies.pdf https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.23 |
genre |
Journal of Glaciology |
genre_facet |
Journal of Glaciology |
op_source |
ISSN: 0022-1430 EISSN: 1727-5652 Journal of Glaciology https://hal.science/hal-04248727 Journal of Glaciology, 2023, 69 (277), pp.1292-1304. ⟨10.1017/jog.2023.23⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1017/jog.2023.23 hal-04248727 https://hal.science/hal-04248727 https://hal.science/hal-04248727/document https://hal.science/hal-04248727/file/snow-and-avalanche-climates-in-the-french-alps-using-avalanche-problem-frequencies.pdf doi:10.1017/jog.2023.23 WOS: 001006004000001 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.23 |
container_title |
Journal of Glaciology |
container_volume |
69 |
container_issue |
277 |
container_start_page |
1292 |
op_container_end_page |
1304 |
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1802646372147527680 |
spelling |
ftanrparis:oai:HAL:hal-04248727v1 2024-06-23T07:54:16+00:00 Snow and avalanche climates in the French Alps using avalanche problem frequencies Reuter, Benjamin Hagenmuller, Pascal Eckert, Nicolas Centre d'Etudes de la Neige (CEN) Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA) SLF Institut pour l'étude de la neige et des avalanches (SLF) SLF Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ) Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA) ANR-20-ERC8-0001,SMARtEN,Modélisation Statistique pour l'Evaluation et la Mitigation des Risques en Montagne dans un Environnement Changeant(2020) ANR-10-LABX-0056,OSUG@2020,Innovative strategies for observing and modelling natural systems(2010) 2023-05-18 https://hal.science/hal-04248727 https://hal.science/hal-04248727/document https://hal.science/hal-04248727/file/snow-and-avalanche-climates-in-the-french-alps-using-avalanche-problem-frequencies.pdf https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.23 en eng HAL CCSD International Glaciological Society info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1017/jog.2023.23 hal-04248727 https://hal.science/hal-04248727 https://hal.science/hal-04248727/document https://hal.science/hal-04248727/file/snow-and-avalanche-climates-in-the-french-alps-using-avalanche-problem-frequencies.pdf doi:10.1017/jog.2023.23 WOS: 001006004000001 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 0022-1430 EISSN: 1727-5652 Journal of Glaciology https://hal.science/hal-04248727 Journal of Glaciology, 2023, 69 (277), pp.1292-1304. ⟨10.1017/jog.2023.23⟩ [SDE]Environmental Sciences info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2023 ftanrparis https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.23 2024-06-12T23:38:58Z International audience Abstract Avalanches result from an interaction of weather and terrain, where past weather and internal snow cover processes play important roles. So far, climatology was mainly based on weather data, as regional snow instability information, such as avalanche activity, is scarce on climatological time scales. We present a new approach to create a snow avalanche climatology from simulations of avalanche problem types based on snow cover simulations of reanalysis data and a cluster analysis. Analyzing the winters between 1958 and 2020 in the French Alps, wet-snow situations dominated natural release. Dry-snow situations with non-persistent and persistent weak layers occurred each on at least one third of the days. Four typical patterns of avalanche problem types were identified. They follow the main orography with more new snow situations in the northern regions and more cases of persistent weak layers in inner-Alpine regions. In the front-ranges and in southern regions wet-snow situations occurred early in winter – typical for coastal snow climates. Agreement with the standard snow climate classification and the geography of the French Alps suggests that mountain regions with similar conditions can now be outlined. This method for snow avalanche climatology will inform avalanche forecasting and facilitate climate change impact studies. Article in Journal/Newspaper Journal of Glaciology Portail HAL-ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) Journal of Glaciology 69 277 1292 1304 |