Mercury contamination and potential health risks to Arctic seabirds and shorebirds

International audience Since the last Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) effort to review biological effects of mercury (Hg) on Arctic biota in 2011 and 2018, there has been a considerable number of new Arctic bird studies. This review article provides contemporary Hg exposure and pot...

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Published in:Science of The Total Environment
Main Authors: Chastel, Olivier, Fort, Jérôme, Ackerman, Joshua, Albert, Céline, Angelier, Frédéric, Basu, Niladri, Blévin, Pierre, Brault-Favrou, Maud, Bustnes, Jan Ove, Bustamante, Paco, Danielsen, Jóhannis, Descamps, Sébastien, Dietz, Rune, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Eulaers, Igor, Ezhov, Alexey, Fleishman, Abram, Gabrielsen, Geir, Gavrilo, Maria, Gilchrist, Grant, Gilg, Olivier, Gíslason, Sindri, Golubova, Elena, Goutte, Aurélie, Grémillet, David, Hallgrimsson, Gunnar, Hansen, Erpur, Hanssen, Sveinn Are, Hatch, Scott, Huffeldt, Nicholas, Jakubas, Dariusz, Jónsson, Jón Einar, Kitaysky, Alexander, Kolbeinsson, Yann, Krasnov, Yuri, Letcher, Robert J., Linnebjerg, Jannie, Mallory, Mark, Merkel, Flemming Ravn, Moe, Børge, Montevecchi, William, Mosbech, Anders, Olsen, Bergur, Orben, Rachael A., Provencher, Jennifer F., Ragnarsdottir, Sunna B., Reiertsen, Tone, Rojek, Nora, Romano, Marc, Søndergaard, Jens, Strøm, Hallvard, Takahashi, Akinori, Tartu, Sabrina, Thórarinsson, Thorkell, Thiebot, Jean-Baptiste, Will, Alexis, Wilson, Simon, Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Katarzyna, Yannic, Glenn
Other Authors: Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Western Ecological Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Canada, McGill University = Université McGill Montréal, Canada, Akvaplan niva AS (APN) Norway, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Institut universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Faroe Marine Research Institute, Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Aarhus University Aarhus, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté COMUE (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté COMUE (UBFC), Southwest Iceland Nature Research Centre, Institute of Biological Problems of the North (IBPN), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD France-Sud )-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Iceland, University of Iceland Reykjavik, South Iceland Nature Research Centre Iceland, Institute for Searbird Research and Conservation, Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, University of Gdańsk (UG), Institute of Arctic Biology, Northeast Iceland Nature Research Centre Húsavík, Murmansk Marine Biological Russia, Institute Russian Academy of Science, Biology, Acadia University,Wolfville, NS, Canada, Acadia University, Memorial Univerisity of Newfoundland and Labrador, Faroe Marine Reseaqrch Institute Faroe Islands, Wildlife and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University (OSU), Icelandic Institute of Natural History, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Institute of Polar Research Tokyo (NiPR), University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF), Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Secretariat Norway
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: HAL CCSD 2022
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hal.science/hal-03708540
https://hal.science/hal-03708540v1/document
https://hal.science/hal-03708540v1/file/Chastel%20et%20al%20STOTEN%202022%20-%20preprint%20HAL.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156944
id ftanrparis:oai:HAL:hal-03708540v1
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection Portail HAL-ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche)
op_collection_id ftanrparis
language English
topic Mercury
Arctic
Birds
Toxicity benchmarks
Toxicological effects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences
spellingShingle Mercury
Arctic
Birds
Toxicity benchmarks
Toxicological effects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences
Chastel, Olivier
Fort, Jérôme
Ackerman, Joshua
Albert, Céline
Angelier, Frédéric
Basu, Niladri
Blévin, Pierre
Brault-Favrou, Maud
Bustnes, Jan Ove
Bustamante, Paco
Danielsen, Jóhannis
Descamps, Sébastien
Dietz, Rune
Erikstad, Kjell Einar
Eulaers, Igor
Ezhov, Alexey
Fleishman, Abram
Gabrielsen, Geir
Gavrilo, Maria
Gilchrist, Grant
Gilg, Olivier
Gíslason, Sindri
Golubova, Elena
Goutte, Aurélie
Grémillet, David
Hallgrimsson, Gunnar
Hansen, Erpur
Hanssen, Sveinn Are
Hatch, Scott
Huffeldt, Nicholas
Jakubas, Dariusz
Jónsson, Jón Einar
Kitaysky, Alexander
Kolbeinsson, Yann
Krasnov, Yuri
Letcher, Robert J.
Linnebjerg, Jannie
Mallory, Mark
Merkel, Flemming Ravn
Moe, Børge
Montevecchi, William
Mosbech, Anders
Olsen, Bergur
Orben, Rachael A.
Provencher, Jennifer F.
Ragnarsdottir, Sunna B.
Reiertsen, Tone
Rojek, Nora
Romano, Marc
Søndergaard, Jens
Strøm, Hallvard
Takahashi, Akinori
Tartu, Sabrina
Thórarinsson, Thorkell
Thiebot, Jean-Baptiste
Will, Alexis
Wilson, Simon
Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Katarzyna
Yannic, Glenn
Mercury contamination and potential health risks to Arctic seabirds and shorebirds
topic_facet Mercury
Arctic
Birds
Toxicity benchmarks
Toxicological effects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences
description International audience Since the last Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) effort to review biological effects of mercury (Hg) on Arctic biota in 2011 and 2018, there has been a considerable number of new Arctic bird studies. This review article provides contemporary Hg exposure and potential health risk for 36 Arctic seabird and shorebird species, representing a larger portion of the Arctic than during previous AMAP assessments now also including parts of the Russian Arctic. To assess risk to birds, we used Hg toxicity benchmarks established for blood and converted to egg, liver, and feather tissues. Several Arctic seabird populations showed Hg concentrations that exceeded toxicity benchmarks, with 50 % of individual birds exceeding the "no adverse health effect" level. In particular, 5 % of all studied birds were considered to be at moderate or higher risk to Hg toxicity. However, most seabirds (95 %) were generally at lower risk to Hg toxicity. The highest Hg contamination was observed in seabirds breeding in the western Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Most Arctic shorebirds exhibited low Hg concentrations, with approximately 45 % of individuals categorized at no risk, 2.5 % at high risk category, and no individual at severe risk. Although the majority Arctic-breeding seabirds and shorebirds appeared at lower risk to Hg toxicity, recent studies have reported deleterious effects of Hg on some pituitary hormones, genotoxicity, and reproductive performance. Adult survival appeared unaffected by Hg exposure, although long-term banding studies incorporating Hg are still limited. Although Hg contamination across the Arctic is considered low for most bird species, Hg in combination with other stressors, including other contaminants, diseases, parasites, and climate change, may still cause adverse effects. Future investigations on the global impact of Hg on Arctic birds should be conducted within a multi-stressor framework. This information helps to address Article 22 (Effectiveness Evaluation) of the ...
author2 Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC)
La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs)
La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Western Ecological Research Center
Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Canada
McGill University = Université McGill Montréal, Canada
Akvaplan niva AS (APN) Norway
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)
Institut universitaire de France (IUF)
Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)
Faroe Marine Research Institute
Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre
Aarhus University Aarhus
Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI)
Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet)
Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC)
Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)
Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté COMUE (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté COMUE (UBFC)
Southwest Iceland Nature Research Centre
Institute of Biological Problems of the North (IBPN)
Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS)
École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE)
Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD France-Sud )-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier
Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Iceland
University of Iceland Reykjavik
South Iceland Nature Research Centre Iceland
Institute for Searbird Research and Conservation
Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology
University of Gdańsk (UG)
Institute of Arctic Biology
Northeast Iceland Nature Research Centre Húsavík
Murmansk Marine Biological Russia
Institute Russian Academy of Science
Biology, Acadia University,Wolfville, NS, Canada
Acadia University
Memorial Univerisity of Newfoundland and Labrador
Faroe Marine Reseaqrch Institute Faroe Islands
Wildlife and Conservation Sciences
Oregon State University (OSU)
Icelandic Institute of Natural History
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
National Institute of Polar Research Tokyo (NiPR)
University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF)
Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Secretariat Norway
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Chastel, Olivier
Fort, Jérôme
Ackerman, Joshua
Albert, Céline
Angelier, Frédéric
Basu, Niladri
Blévin, Pierre
Brault-Favrou, Maud
Bustnes, Jan Ove
Bustamante, Paco
Danielsen, Jóhannis
Descamps, Sébastien
Dietz, Rune
Erikstad, Kjell Einar
Eulaers, Igor
Ezhov, Alexey
Fleishman, Abram
Gabrielsen, Geir
Gavrilo, Maria
Gilchrist, Grant
Gilg, Olivier
Gíslason, Sindri
Golubova, Elena
Goutte, Aurélie
Grémillet, David
Hallgrimsson, Gunnar
Hansen, Erpur
Hanssen, Sveinn Are
Hatch, Scott
Huffeldt, Nicholas
Jakubas, Dariusz
Jónsson, Jón Einar
Kitaysky, Alexander
Kolbeinsson, Yann
Krasnov, Yuri
Letcher, Robert J.
Linnebjerg, Jannie
Mallory, Mark
Merkel, Flemming Ravn
Moe, Børge
Montevecchi, William
Mosbech, Anders
Olsen, Bergur
Orben, Rachael A.
Provencher, Jennifer F.
Ragnarsdottir, Sunna B.
Reiertsen, Tone
Rojek, Nora
Romano, Marc
Søndergaard, Jens
Strøm, Hallvard
Takahashi, Akinori
Tartu, Sabrina
Thórarinsson, Thorkell
Thiebot, Jean-Baptiste
Will, Alexis
Wilson, Simon
Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Katarzyna
Yannic, Glenn
author_facet Chastel, Olivier
Fort, Jérôme
Ackerman, Joshua
Albert, Céline
Angelier, Frédéric
Basu, Niladri
Blévin, Pierre
Brault-Favrou, Maud
Bustnes, Jan Ove
Bustamante, Paco
Danielsen, Jóhannis
Descamps, Sébastien
Dietz, Rune
Erikstad, Kjell Einar
Eulaers, Igor
Ezhov, Alexey
Fleishman, Abram
Gabrielsen, Geir
Gavrilo, Maria
Gilchrist, Grant
Gilg, Olivier
Gíslason, Sindri
Golubova, Elena
Goutte, Aurélie
Grémillet, David
Hallgrimsson, Gunnar
Hansen, Erpur
Hanssen, Sveinn Are
Hatch, Scott
Huffeldt, Nicholas
Jakubas, Dariusz
Jónsson, Jón Einar
Kitaysky, Alexander
Kolbeinsson, Yann
Krasnov, Yuri
Letcher, Robert J.
Linnebjerg, Jannie
Mallory, Mark
Merkel, Flemming Ravn
Moe, Børge
Montevecchi, William
Mosbech, Anders
Olsen, Bergur
Orben, Rachael A.
Provencher, Jennifer F.
Ragnarsdottir, Sunna B.
Reiertsen, Tone
Rojek, Nora
Romano, Marc
Søndergaard, Jens
Strøm, Hallvard
Takahashi, Akinori
Tartu, Sabrina
Thórarinsson, Thorkell
Thiebot, Jean-Baptiste
Will, Alexis
Wilson, Simon
Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Katarzyna
Yannic, Glenn
author_sort Chastel, Olivier
title Mercury contamination and potential health risks to Arctic seabirds and shorebirds
title_short Mercury contamination and potential health risks to Arctic seabirds and shorebirds
title_full Mercury contamination and potential health risks to Arctic seabirds and shorebirds
title_fullStr Mercury contamination and potential health risks to Arctic seabirds and shorebirds
title_full_unstemmed Mercury contamination and potential health risks to Arctic seabirds and shorebirds
title_sort mercury contamination and potential health risks to arctic seabirds and shorebirds
publisher HAL CCSD
publishDate 2022
url https://hal.science/hal-03708540
https://hal.science/hal-03708540v1/document
https://hal.science/hal-03708540v1/file/Chastel%20et%20al%20STOTEN%202022%20-%20preprint%20HAL.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156944
geographic Arctic
Pacific
geographic_facet Arctic
Pacific
genre AMAP
Arctic birds
Climate change
genre_facet AMAP
Arctic birds
Climate change
op_source ISSN: 0048-9697
EISSN: 1879-1026
Science of the Total Environment
https://hal.science/hal-03708540
Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 844, pp.156944. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156944⟩
op_relation info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156944
doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156944
WOS: 000829463100004
op_rights info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
op_doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156944
container_title Science of The Total Environment
container_volume 844
container_start_page 156944
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spelling ftanrparis:oai:HAL:hal-03708540v1 2024-10-29T17:39:12+00:00 Mercury contamination and potential health risks to Arctic seabirds and shorebirds Chastel, Olivier Fort, Jérôme Ackerman, Joshua Albert, Céline Angelier, Frédéric Basu, Niladri Blévin, Pierre Brault-Favrou, Maud Bustnes, Jan Ove Bustamante, Paco Danielsen, Jóhannis Descamps, Sébastien Dietz, Rune Erikstad, Kjell Einar Eulaers, Igor Ezhov, Alexey Fleishman, Abram Gabrielsen, Geir Gavrilo, Maria Gilchrist, Grant Gilg, Olivier Gíslason, Sindri Golubova, Elena Goutte, Aurélie Grémillet, David Hallgrimsson, Gunnar Hansen, Erpur Hanssen, Sveinn Are Hatch, Scott Huffeldt, Nicholas Jakubas, Dariusz Jónsson, Jón Einar Kitaysky, Alexander Kolbeinsson, Yann Krasnov, Yuri Letcher, Robert J. Linnebjerg, Jannie Mallory, Mark Merkel, Flemming Ravn Moe, Børge Montevecchi, William Mosbech, Anders Olsen, Bergur Orben, Rachael A. Provencher, Jennifer F. Ragnarsdottir, Sunna B. Reiertsen, Tone Rojek, Nora Romano, Marc Søndergaard, Jens Strøm, Hallvard Takahashi, Akinori Tartu, Sabrina Thórarinsson, Thorkell Thiebot, Jean-Baptiste Will, Alexis Wilson, Simon Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Katarzyna Yannic, Glenn Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC) La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Western Ecological Research Center Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Canada McGill University = Université McGill Montréal, Canada Akvaplan niva AS (APN) Norway Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Institut universitaire de France (IUF) Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.) Faroe Marine Research Institute Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre Aarhus University Aarhus Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet) Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC) Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté COMUE (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté COMUE (UBFC) Southwest Iceland Nature Research Centre Institute of Biological Problems of the North (IBPN) Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS) École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE) Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD France-Sud )-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM) Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Iceland University of Iceland Reykjavik South Iceland Nature Research Centre Iceland Institute for Searbird Research and Conservation Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology University of Gdańsk (UG) Institute of Arctic Biology Northeast Iceland Nature Research Centre Húsavík Murmansk Marine Biological Russia Institute Russian Academy of Science Biology, Acadia University,Wolfville, NS, Canada Acadia University Memorial Univerisity of Newfoundland and Labrador Faroe Marine Reseaqrch Institute Faroe Islands Wildlife and Conservation Sciences Oregon State University (OSU) Icelandic Institute of Natural History U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Institute of Polar Research Tokyo (NiPR) University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Secretariat Norway 2022-10-20 https://hal.science/hal-03708540 https://hal.science/hal-03708540v1/document https://hal.science/hal-03708540v1/file/Chastel%20et%20al%20STOTEN%202022%20-%20preprint%20HAL.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156944 en eng HAL CCSD Elsevier info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156944 doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156944 WOS: 000829463100004 info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 0048-9697 EISSN: 1879-1026 Science of the Total Environment https://hal.science/hal-03708540 Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 844, pp.156944. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156944⟩ Mercury Arctic Birds Toxicity benchmarks Toxicological effects [SDE]Environmental Sciences info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2022 ftanrparis https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156944 2024-10-09T23:45:59Z International audience Since the last Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) effort to review biological effects of mercury (Hg) on Arctic biota in 2011 and 2018, there has been a considerable number of new Arctic bird studies. This review article provides contemporary Hg exposure and potential health risk for 36 Arctic seabird and shorebird species, representing a larger portion of the Arctic than during previous AMAP assessments now also including parts of the Russian Arctic. To assess risk to birds, we used Hg toxicity benchmarks established for blood and converted to egg, liver, and feather tissues. Several Arctic seabird populations showed Hg concentrations that exceeded toxicity benchmarks, with 50 % of individual birds exceeding the "no adverse health effect" level. In particular, 5 % of all studied birds were considered to be at moderate or higher risk to Hg toxicity. However, most seabirds (95 %) were generally at lower risk to Hg toxicity. The highest Hg contamination was observed in seabirds breeding in the western Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Most Arctic shorebirds exhibited low Hg concentrations, with approximately 45 % of individuals categorized at no risk, 2.5 % at high risk category, and no individual at severe risk. Although the majority Arctic-breeding seabirds and shorebirds appeared at lower risk to Hg toxicity, recent studies have reported deleterious effects of Hg on some pituitary hormones, genotoxicity, and reproductive performance. Adult survival appeared unaffected by Hg exposure, although long-term banding studies incorporating Hg are still limited. Although Hg contamination across the Arctic is considered low for most bird species, Hg in combination with other stressors, including other contaminants, diseases, parasites, and climate change, may still cause adverse effects. Future investigations on the global impact of Hg on Arctic birds should be conducted within a multi-stressor framework. This information helps to address Article 22 (Effectiveness Evaluation) of the ... Article in Journal/Newspaper AMAP Arctic birds Climate change Portail HAL-ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) Arctic Pacific Science of The Total Environment 844 156944