Quaternary Vegetation History of Australian Subantarctic Islands

From the abstracts of some of the referenced papers: On Macquarie Island six palaeolake deposits dated from terminal Pleistocene to early-mid Holocene have been found at the top of cliffs which bound the island's plateau. They are interpreted as remnants of former plateau lakes which extended b...

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Other Authors: SELKIRK, PATRICIA (hasPrincipalInvestigator), SELKIRK, PATRICIA (processor), Australian Antarctic Data Centre (publisher)
Format: Dataset
Language:unknown
Published: Australian Antarctic Data Centre
Subjects:
Online Access:https://researchdata.edu.au/quaternary-vegetation-history-subantarctic-islands/700304
https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/ASAC_77
http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-617536
id ftands:oai:ands.org.au::700304
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection Research Data Australia (Australian National Data Service - ANDS)
op_collection_id ftands
language unknown
topic biota
climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
geoscientificInformation
AIR TEMPERATURE
EARTH SCIENCE
ATMOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE
SURFACE TEMPERATURE
ISLANDS
BIOSPHERE
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
VEGETATION
PALEOVEGETATION
PALEOCLIMATE
LAND RECORDS
AEOLIAN LANDFORMS
SOLID EARTH
GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES
FAULT MOVEMENT
TECTONICS
PLATE TECTONICS
ANTARCTIC OSCILLATION
CLIMATE INDICATORS
ATMOSPHERIC/OCEAN INDICATORS
TELECONNECTIONS
EARTH SCIENCE &gt
CLIMATE INDICATORS &gt
ATMOSPHERIC/OCEAN INDICATORS &gt
TELECONNECTIONS &gt
EL NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO)
PLANT SUCCESSION
ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS
COMMUNITY DYNAMICS
AEOLIAN
CLIMATE CHANGE
EL NINO
EOLIAN
FELDMARK
LANDFORMS
MACQUARIE ISLAND
PALAEOLAKE
PALEOLAKE
PEAT
SOUTHERN OSCILLATION
TEMPERATURE
TERRACES
VEGETATION DYNAMICS
FIELD INVESTIGATION
Paleo Start Date
Paleo Stop Date
PHANEROZOIC &gt
CENOZOIC &gt
QUATERNARY &gt
PLEISTOCENE
OCEAN &gt
SOUTHERN OCEAN
SOUTHERN OCEAN &gt
GEOGRAPHIC REGION &gt
POLAR
spellingShingle biota
climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
geoscientificInformation
AIR TEMPERATURE
EARTH SCIENCE
ATMOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE
SURFACE TEMPERATURE
ISLANDS
BIOSPHERE
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
VEGETATION
PALEOVEGETATION
PALEOCLIMATE
LAND RECORDS
AEOLIAN LANDFORMS
SOLID EARTH
GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES
FAULT MOVEMENT
TECTONICS
PLATE TECTONICS
ANTARCTIC OSCILLATION
CLIMATE INDICATORS
ATMOSPHERIC/OCEAN INDICATORS
TELECONNECTIONS
EARTH SCIENCE &gt
CLIMATE INDICATORS &gt
ATMOSPHERIC/OCEAN INDICATORS &gt
TELECONNECTIONS &gt
EL NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO)
PLANT SUCCESSION
ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS
COMMUNITY DYNAMICS
AEOLIAN
CLIMATE CHANGE
EL NINO
EOLIAN
FELDMARK
LANDFORMS
MACQUARIE ISLAND
PALAEOLAKE
PALEOLAKE
PEAT
SOUTHERN OSCILLATION
TEMPERATURE
TERRACES
VEGETATION DYNAMICS
FIELD INVESTIGATION
Paleo Start Date
Paleo Stop Date
PHANEROZOIC &gt
CENOZOIC &gt
QUATERNARY &gt
PLEISTOCENE
OCEAN &gt
SOUTHERN OCEAN
SOUTHERN OCEAN &gt
GEOGRAPHIC REGION &gt
POLAR
Quaternary Vegetation History of Australian Subantarctic Islands
topic_facet biota
climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
geoscientificInformation
AIR TEMPERATURE
EARTH SCIENCE
ATMOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE
SURFACE TEMPERATURE
ISLANDS
BIOSPHERE
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
VEGETATION
PALEOVEGETATION
PALEOCLIMATE
LAND RECORDS
AEOLIAN LANDFORMS
SOLID EARTH
GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES
FAULT MOVEMENT
TECTONICS
PLATE TECTONICS
ANTARCTIC OSCILLATION
CLIMATE INDICATORS
ATMOSPHERIC/OCEAN INDICATORS
TELECONNECTIONS
EARTH SCIENCE &gt
CLIMATE INDICATORS &gt
ATMOSPHERIC/OCEAN INDICATORS &gt
TELECONNECTIONS &gt
EL NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO)
PLANT SUCCESSION
ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS
COMMUNITY DYNAMICS
AEOLIAN
CLIMATE CHANGE
EL NINO
EOLIAN
FELDMARK
LANDFORMS
MACQUARIE ISLAND
PALAEOLAKE
PALEOLAKE
PEAT
SOUTHERN OSCILLATION
TEMPERATURE
TERRACES
VEGETATION DYNAMICS
FIELD INVESTIGATION
Paleo Start Date
Paleo Stop Date
PHANEROZOIC &gt
CENOZOIC &gt
QUATERNARY &gt
PLEISTOCENE
OCEAN &gt
SOUTHERN OCEAN
SOUTHERN OCEAN &gt
GEOGRAPHIC REGION &gt
POLAR
description From the abstracts of some of the referenced papers: On Macquarie Island six palaeolake deposits dated from terminal Pleistocene to early-mid Holocene have been found at the top of cliffs which bound the island's plateau. They are interpreted as remnants of former plateau lakes which extended beyond the present plateau margin, and which were drained when marine erosion caused cliff retreat. Examination of the fossil plants (angiosperms, bryophytes, diatoms) preserved in the deposits has allowed preliminary interpretations of lacustrine conditions prior to lake drainage. Palynological analyses of two ridge top peat profiles on subantarctic Macquarie Island are presented and discussed. The profiles record Holocene vegetation changes in a small-scale mosaic pattern. Older records of island vegetation should be sought in valley and lake deposits. A preliminary account is given of several freshwater palaeolake deposits dating from the terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene. Feldmark vegetation occurs extensively on the plateau of Macquarie Island above about 200m. Alternating stripes of vegetation and gravel are frequently associated with terraced terrain. Detailed study of 38 terraced sites with non-windward aspects shows vegetation-terrace interaction to be active under present climatic conditions. Wind, moisture, hillslope, slope stability and vegetation all affect terrace form. Bathymetric data off the north-west coast of Macquarie Island shows a wide, gently sloping marine terrace extending offshore for up to 4600m. The submerged terrace is an extension, without change of average slope, of the onshore terrace. We consider that the whole terrace was formed during the period of rapid rise in sea-level following the last world-wide glacial maximum of the terminal Pleistocene. During the period from about 16000 to 8000 years ago the combination of vigorous erosive action by the Southern Ocean, the fractured bedrock and the rise in sea-level accounts for retreat of the cliffs bounding the western edge of the island's plateau at an average of c. 0.5cm per year. Since world-wide sea level stabilised, continuing tectonic uplift at approximately 3mm per year has lifted the landward third of the terrace above sea-level. Aeolian landforms on Macquarie Island, in the Southern Ocean, occur above 100m on the plateau between Bauer Bay and Sandy Bay. An extensive sand sheet, at least 6000 to 7000 years old, is wind and water eroded to produce blow-outs with bare troughs and vegetated elevated margins. Sand moved eastwards before the prevailing winds. Wind-polished bedrock on the western edge of the plateau is a relict feature. Wind polishing of bedrock occurs today near sea level at the head of Bauer Bay. The area is tectonically active. No evidence of former glacial activity was observed. Topographic features in this area, previously regarded as glacial, are attributed to faulting. Tectonic uplift and sea-level changes are invoked to explain the formation and age of the broad and gently sloping raised marine terrace around much of the western and northern coasts. This explanation also sets constraints on the ages of the sand sheet and the cobble beach at about 100m on the plateau east of Bauer Bay. Macquarie Island lies close to, but on the eastern side of the boundary between the eastern (Pacific) and western (India-Australia) limbs of the Southern Oscillation. Its temperature record matches that of the area east and southeast of New Zealand, rather than Tasmania. Temperature is influenced by atmospheric pressures in the Southern Ocean to the east and west, which can result in a warm northeasterly or cold southerly airflow over the island. It is a sensitive indicator of climatic trends because of its location at high latitude in a longitudinal region of frequent ridge formation and blocking in the Southern Hemisphere circulation. Temperature records for Macquarie Island (1949-86) show a 1 degree C warming trend (twice the global average), accelerating in the last 20 years with 8 of the 10 warmest years occurring in the last decade. The greatest average rate of warming has occurred in late summer and early autumn and the lowest in spring. In severe ENSO years the island cools. The warming is marked in relation to the annual mean (4.8 degrees C), and the biological effects should be considered.
author2 SELKIRK, PATRICIA (hasPrincipalInvestigator)
SELKIRK, PATRICIA (processor)
Australian Antarctic Data Centre (publisher)
format Dataset
title Quaternary Vegetation History of Australian Subantarctic Islands
title_short Quaternary Vegetation History of Australian Subantarctic Islands
title_full Quaternary Vegetation History of Australian Subantarctic Islands
title_fullStr Quaternary Vegetation History of Australian Subantarctic Islands
title_full_unstemmed Quaternary Vegetation History of Australian Subantarctic Islands
title_sort quaternary vegetation history of australian subantarctic islands
publisher Australian Antarctic Data Centre
url https://researchdata.edu.au/quaternary-vegetation-history-subantarctic-islands/700304
https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/ASAC_77
http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-617536
op_coverage Spatial: northlimit=-54.0; southlimit=-55.0; westlimit=158.0; eastLimit=159.0; projection=WGS84
Temporal: From 1986-10-01 to 1991-04-01
long_lat ENVELOPE(158.0,159.0,-54.0,-55.0)
geographic Antarctic
New Zealand
Pacific
Southern Ocean
geographic_facet Antarctic
New Zealand
Pacific
Southern Ocean
genre Antarc*
Antarctic
Macquarie Island
Southern Ocean
genre_facet Antarc*
Antarctic
Macquarie Island
Southern Ocean
op_source Australian Antarctic Data Centre
op_relation https://researchdata.edu.au/quaternary-vegetation-history-subantarctic-islands/700304
2021d84a-9bd3-40bf-95d6-4315de766b7f
ASAC_77
https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/ASAC_77
http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-617536
_version_ 1766146894628651008
spelling ftands:oai:ands.org.au::700304 2023-05-15T13:41:12+02:00 Quaternary Vegetation History of Australian Subantarctic Islands SELKIRK, PATRICIA (hasPrincipalInvestigator) SELKIRK, PATRICIA (processor) Australian Antarctic Data Centre (publisher) Spatial: northlimit=-54.0; southlimit=-55.0; westlimit=158.0; eastLimit=159.0; projection=WGS84 Temporal: From 1986-10-01 to 1991-04-01 https://researchdata.edu.au/quaternary-vegetation-history-subantarctic-islands/700304 https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/ASAC_77 http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-617536 unknown Australian Antarctic Data Centre https://researchdata.edu.au/quaternary-vegetation-history-subantarctic-islands/700304 2021d84a-9bd3-40bf-95d6-4315de766b7f ASAC_77 https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/ASAC_77 http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-617536 Australian Antarctic Data Centre biota climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere geoscientificInformation AIR TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE SURFACE TEMPERATURE ISLANDS BIOSPHERE TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS VEGETATION PALEOVEGETATION PALEOCLIMATE LAND RECORDS AEOLIAN LANDFORMS SOLID EARTH GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES FAULT MOVEMENT TECTONICS PLATE TECTONICS ANTARCTIC OSCILLATION CLIMATE INDICATORS ATMOSPHERIC/OCEAN INDICATORS TELECONNECTIONS EARTH SCIENCE &gt CLIMATE INDICATORS &gt ATMOSPHERIC/OCEAN INDICATORS &gt TELECONNECTIONS &gt EL NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO) PLANT SUCCESSION ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS COMMUNITY DYNAMICS AEOLIAN CLIMATE CHANGE EL NINO EOLIAN FELDMARK LANDFORMS MACQUARIE ISLAND PALAEOLAKE PALEOLAKE PEAT SOUTHERN OSCILLATION TEMPERATURE TERRACES VEGETATION DYNAMICS FIELD INVESTIGATION Paleo Start Date Paleo Stop Date PHANEROZOIC &gt CENOZOIC &gt QUATERNARY &gt PLEISTOCENE OCEAN &gt SOUTHERN OCEAN SOUTHERN OCEAN &gt GEOGRAPHIC REGION &gt POLAR dataset ftands 2021-12-06T23:22:46Z From the abstracts of some of the referenced papers: On Macquarie Island six palaeolake deposits dated from terminal Pleistocene to early-mid Holocene have been found at the top of cliffs which bound the island's plateau. They are interpreted as remnants of former plateau lakes which extended beyond the present plateau margin, and which were drained when marine erosion caused cliff retreat. Examination of the fossil plants (angiosperms, bryophytes, diatoms) preserved in the deposits has allowed preliminary interpretations of lacustrine conditions prior to lake drainage. Palynological analyses of two ridge top peat profiles on subantarctic Macquarie Island are presented and discussed. The profiles record Holocene vegetation changes in a small-scale mosaic pattern. Older records of island vegetation should be sought in valley and lake deposits. A preliminary account is given of several freshwater palaeolake deposits dating from the terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene. Feldmark vegetation occurs extensively on the plateau of Macquarie Island above about 200m. Alternating stripes of vegetation and gravel are frequently associated with terraced terrain. Detailed study of 38 terraced sites with non-windward aspects shows vegetation-terrace interaction to be active under present climatic conditions. Wind, moisture, hillslope, slope stability and vegetation all affect terrace form. Bathymetric data off the north-west coast of Macquarie Island shows a wide, gently sloping marine terrace extending offshore for up to 4600m. The submerged terrace is an extension, without change of average slope, of the onshore terrace. We consider that the whole terrace was formed during the period of rapid rise in sea-level following the last world-wide glacial maximum of the terminal Pleistocene. During the period from about 16000 to 8000 years ago the combination of vigorous erosive action by the Southern Ocean, the fractured bedrock and the rise in sea-level accounts for retreat of the cliffs bounding the western edge of the island's plateau at an average of c. 0.5cm per year. Since world-wide sea level stabilised, continuing tectonic uplift at approximately 3mm per year has lifted the landward third of the terrace above sea-level. Aeolian landforms on Macquarie Island, in the Southern Ocean, occur above 100m on the plateau between Bauer Bay and Sandy Bay. An extensive sand sheet, at least 6000 to 7000 years old, is wind and water eroded to produce blow-outs with bare troughs and vegetated elevated margins. Sand moved eastwards before the prevailing winds. Wind-polished bedrock on the western edge of the plateau is a relict feature. Wind polishing of bedrock occurs today near sea level at the head of Bauer Bay. The area is tectonically active. No evidence of former glacial activity was observed. Topographic features in this area, previously regarded as glacial, are attributed to faulting. Tectonic uplift and sea-level changes are invoked to explain the formation and age of the broad and gently sloping raised marine terrace around much of the western and northern coasts. This explanation also sets constraints on the ages of the sand sheet and the cobble beach at about 100m on the plateau east of Bauer Bay. Macquarie Island lies close to, but on the eastern side of the boundary between the eastern (Pacific) and western (India-Australia) limbs of the Southern Oscillation. Its temperature record matches that of the area east and southeast of New Zealand, rather than Tasmania. Temperature is influenced by atmospheric pressures in the Southern Ocean to the east and west, which can result in a warm northeasterly or cold southerly airflow over the island. It is a sensitive indicator of climatic trends because of its location at high latitude in a longitudinal region of frequent ridge formation and blocking in the Southern Hemisphere circulation. Temperature records for Macquarie Island (1949-86) show a 1 degree C warming trend (twice the global average), accelerating in the last 20 years with 8 of the 10 warmest years occurring in the last decade. The greatest average rate of warming has occurred in late summer and early autumn and the lowest in spring. In severe ENSO years the island cools. The warming is marked in relation to the annual mean (4.8 degrees C), and the biological effects should be considered. Dataset Antarc* Antarctic Macquarie Island Southern Ocean Research Data Australia (Australian National Data Service - ANDS) Antarctic New Zealand Pacific Southern Ocean ENVELOPE(158.0,159.0,-54.0,-55.0)