Food Consumption and Foraging Success of Free-ranging Southern Elephant Seals

• Other Authors: HINDELL, MARK A. (hasPrincipalInvestigator), HINDELL, MARK A. (processor), Australian Antarctic Data Centre (publisher)
• Format: Dataset
• Language: unknown
• Published: Australian Antarctic Data Centre
• Subjects: biota; oceans; ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES; EARTH SCIENCE; BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION; SEALS/SEA LIONS/WALRUSES; MAMMALS; CARNIVORES; CONSUMPTION RATES; BIOSPHERE; ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS; ENERGETICS; FORAGING; MACQUARIE ISLAND; SEALS; SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL; SOUTHERN OCEAN; TELEMETRY; OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN > GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR; Southern Ocean; Elephant Seal; Elephant Seals; Macquarie Island; Southern Elephant Seal; Southern Elephant Seals; walrus*
• Online Access: https://researchdata.ands.org.au/food-consumption-foraging-elephant-seals/700298; https://doi.org/10.4225/15/58462f43ec136; https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/ASAC_769; http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-617536

Elephant seals use a suite of physiological and behavioural mechanisms to maximise the time they can be submerged. Of these hypo-metabolism is one of the most important, so this study quantified maximum O2 consumptions relative to dove depth and swim speed. From the abstract of the referenced paper: The ability of air-breathing marine predators to forage successfully depends on their ability to remain submerged. This is in turn related to their total O2 stores and the rate at which these stores are used up while submerged. Body size was positively related to dive duration in a sample of 34 adult female southern elephant seals from Macquarie Island. However, there was no relationship between body size and dive depth. This indicates that smaller seals, with smaller total O2 stores, make shorter dives than larger individuals but operate at similar depths, resulting in less time being spent at depth. Nine adult female elephant seals were also equipped with velocity time depth recorders. In eight of these seals, a plot of swimming speed against dive duration revealed a cloud of points with a clear upper boundary. This boundary could be described using regression analysis and gave a significant negative relationship in most cases. These results indicate that metabolic rate varies with activity levels, as indicated by swimming speed, and that there are quantifiable limits to the distance that a seal can travel on a dive of a given swimming speed. However, the seals rarely dive to these physiological limits, and the majority of their dives are well within their aerobic capacity. Elephant seals therefore appear to dive in a way that ensures that they have a reserve of O2 available. Data were collected on Time Depth Recorders (TDRs), and stored in hexadecimal format. Hexadecimal files can be read using 'Instrument Helper', a free download from Wildlife Computers (see the url given below). Data for this project is the same data that was collected for ASAC projects 857 and 589 (ASAC_857 and ASAC_589).