Effects of Enhanced UV-B on Sea Ice Algae

• Format: Dataset
• Language: unknown
• Published: Australian Ocean Data Network
• Subjects: biota; oceans; EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION > ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PIGMENTS; BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > PROTISTS > DIATOMS; PLANTS > MICROALGAE; PLANTS; MICROALGAE > BIOSPHERE > AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS > PLANKTON > PHYTOPLANKTON; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > OXYGEN COMPOUNDS > OZONE; ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS > SPECIES/POPULATION INTERACTIONS > SURVIVAL RATES; ANOXIC; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; ANTARCTICA; GROWTH RATE; SURVIVAL; Antarctic; The Antarctic; Antarctic Peninsula; Vestfold Hills; Vestfold; Arthur Harbour; Antarc*; Antarctica; ice algae; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://researchdata.edu.au/effects-enhanced-uv-ice-algae/2821083

Progress Code: completed Statement: Dates provided in temporal coverage are approximate only. From the abstract of some of the papers: It has been suggested that increased springtime UVB radiation caused by stratospheric ozone depletion is likely to reduce primary production and induce changes in the species composition of Antarctic marine phytoplankton. Experiments conducted at Arthur Harbour in the Antarctic Peninsula revealed a reduction in primary productivity at both ambient and increased levels of UVB. Laboratory studies have shown that most species in culture are sensitive to high UVB levels, although the level at which either growth or photosynthesis is inhibited is variable. Stratospheric ozone depletion, with resultant increased springtime UVB irradiance, has been occurring with increasing severity since the late 1970's. Thus the phytoplankton community has already experienced about 20 years' exposure to increasing levels of UVB radiation. Here we present analyses of diatom assemblages from high-resolution stratigraphic sequences from anoxic basins in fjords of the Vestfold HIlls, Antarctica. We find that compositional changes in the diatom component of the phytoplankton community over the past 20 years cannot be distinguished from long-term natural variability, although there is some indication of a decline in the production of some sea-ice diatoms. We anticipate that our results are applicable to other Antarctic coastal regions, where thick ice cover and the timing of the phytoplankton bloom protect the phytoplankton from the effects of increased UVB radiation. Growth rate, survival, and stimulation of the production of UV-B (280 to 320 nm) absorbing compounds were investigated in cultures of five commonly occurring Antarctic marine diatoms exposed to a range of UV-B irradiances. Experimental UV-B exposures ranged from 20 to 650% of the measured peak surface irradiance at an Antarctic coastal site (0.533 J per square metre per second). The five diatom species (Nitzschia lecointei, Proboscia ...