Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. (American Museum novitates, no. 3945)
25 pages : illustrations (chiefly color), color map 26 cm. Burrowing sea anemones have a simple morphology with an elongate body and a round aboral end that anchors the animal into mud, sand, or gravel, leaving only the tentacle crown exposed. Edwardsiids are easily differentiated from other burrowi...
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ftamnh:oai:digitallibrary.amnh.org:2246/7006 2023-08-20T04:08:34+02:00 Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. (American Museum novitates, no. 3945) Two new species of burrowing anemones. Gusmão, Luciana Câmara, 1981- Qu, Cherie. Burke, Sadie L. Rodríguez, Estefania. 2020-02-12 application/pdf application/octet-stream http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/7006 en_US eng American Museum of Natural History. American Museum novitates;no.3945. https://doi.org/10.5531/sd.sp.37 http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/7006 Scolanthus shrimp Scolanthus celticus Scolanthus -- Phylogeny Edwardsiidae -- Phylogeny Sea anemones Deep-sea animals Whittard Canyon North Atlantic Ocean Atlantic Coast (Ireland) 2020 ftamnh https://doi.org/10.5531/sd.sp.37 2023-07-29T22:52:05Z 25 pages : illustrations (chiefly color), color map 26 cm. Burrowing sea anemones have a simple morphology with an elongate body and a round aboral end that anchors the animal into mud, sand, or gravel, leaving only the tentacle crown exposed. Edwardsiids are easily differentiated from other burrowing sea anemones by their distinctive mesentery arrangement of eight unpaired macrocnemes at midcolumn with microcnemes restricted to the distal column at the base of the tentacles. Though edwardsiids may be frequently collected in biodiversity surveys, oceanographic expeditions, and ecological monitoring projects, their identification is particularly hampered by their small size, the need for histology, the high number of undescribed species, and the few specialists able to identify them. Scolanthus belongs to the subfamily Edwardsiinae, which is characterized by nemathybomes; it is differentiated from other members of the subfamily by having nemathybomes with basitrichs and periderm in the proximal end, at least eight microcnemes, and 16 or more tentacles in adults. The 14 valid species of Scolanthus are distributed worldwide, but only four species have been recorded from waters deeper than 100 m (S. ingolfi, 1461 m; S. nidarosiensis, 125-150 m; S. intermedius, 223 m; S. triangulus, 71-271 m). Here we describe Scolanthus shrimp, sp. nov., and S. celticus, sp. nov., the first two sea anemones recorded from the deep-sea Whittard Canyon off the coast of Ireland. We provide detailed morphological descriptions of the new species, including micro-CT scanning of S. celticus, and differentiate them from other species in the genus. We also generate a phylogeny using five molecular markers (12S, 16S, 18S, 28S, CO3) to establish the phylogenetic position of the new species. Based on our results, we discuss the relationship of Scolanthus to other edwardsiid genera and implications for the morphology and evolution of the group. Other/Unknown Material North Atlantic American Museum of Natural History: AMNH scientific publications |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
American Museum of Natural History: AMNH scientific publications |
op_collection_id |
ftamnh |
language |
English |
topic |
Scolanthus shrimp Scolanthus celticus Scolanthus -- Phylogeny Edwardsiidae -- Phylogeny Sea anemones Deep-sea animals Whittard Canyon North Atlantic Ocean Atlantic Coast (Ireland) |
spellingShingle |
Scolanthus shrimp Scolanthus celticus Scolanthus -- Phylogeny Edwardsiidae -- Phylogeny Sea anemones Deep-sea animals Whittard Canyon North Atlantic Ocean Atlantic Coast (Ireland) Gusmão, Luciana Câmara, 1981- Qu, Cherie. Burke, Sadie L. Rodríguez, Estefania. Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. (American Museum novitates, no. 3945) |
topic_facet |
Scolanthus shrimp Scolanthus celticus Scolanthus -- Phylogeny Edwardsiidae -- Phylogeny Sea anemones Deep-sea animals Whittard Canyon North Atlantic Ocean Atlantic Coast (Ireland) |
description |
25 pages : illustrations (chiefly color), color map 26 cm. Burrowing sea anemones have a simple morphology with an elongate body and a round aboral end that anchors the animal into mud, sand, or gravel, leaving only the tentacle crown exposed. Edwardsiids are easily differentiated from other burrowing sea anemones by their distinctive mesentery arrangement of eight unpaired macrocnemes at midcolumn with microcnemes restricted to the distal column at the base of the tentacles. Though edwardsiids may be frequently collected in biodiversity surveys, oceanographic expeditions, and ecological monitoring projects, their identification is particularly hampered by their small size, the need for histology, the high number of undescribed species, and the few specialists able to identify them. Scolanthus belongs to the subfamily Edwardsiinae, which is characterized by nemathybomes; it is differentiated from other members of the subfamily by having nemathybomes with basitrichs and periderm in the proximal end, at least eight microcnemes, and 16 or more tentacles in adults. The 14 valid species of Scolanthus are distributed worldwide, but only four species have been recorded from waters deeper than 100 m (S. ingolfi, 1461 m; S. nidarosiensis, 125-150 m; S. intermedius, 223 m; S. triangulus, 71-271 m). Here we describe Scolanthus shrimp, sp. nov., and S. celticus, sp. nov., the first two sea anemones recorded from the deep-sea Whittard Canyon off the coast of Ireland. We provide detailed morphological descriptions of the new species, including micro-CT scanning of S. celticus, and differentiate them from other species in the genus. We also generate a phylogeny using five molecular markers (12S, 16S, 18S, 28S, CO3) to establish the phylogenetic position of the new species. Based on our results, we discuss the relationship of Scolanthus to other edwardsiid genera and implications for the morphology and evolution of the group. |
author |
Gusmão, Luciana Câmara, 1981- Qu, Cherie. Burke, Sadie L. Rodríguez, Estefania. |
author_facet |
Gusmão, Luciana Câmara, 1981- Qu, Cherie. Burke, Sadie L. Rodríguez, Estefania. |
author_sort |
Gusmão, Luciana Câmara, 1981- |
title |
Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. (American Museum novitates, no. 3945) |
title_short |
Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. (American Museum novitates, no. 3945) |
title_full |
Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. (American Museum novitates, no. 3945) |
title_fullStr |
Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. (American Museum novitates, no. 3945) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. (American Museum novitates, no. 3945) |
title_sort |
two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (cnidaria, actiniaria, edwardsiidae) from whittard canyon off the southwestern coast of ireland. (american museum novitates, no. 3945) |
publisher |
American Museum of Natural History. |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/7006 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_relation |
American Museum novitates;no.3945. https://doi.org/10.5531/sd.sp.37 http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/7006 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5531/sd.sp.37 |
_version_ |
1774720913883791360 |