A review of the pre-Pliocene penguins of New Zealand. Bulletin of the AMNH
p. 321-378 : ill., map 27 cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. 376-378). "The first fossil penguin to be made known, Palaeeudyptes antarcticus, was described from New Zealand by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1859. The many other pre-Pliocene penguins found in New Zealand after that date were mo...
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
New York : [American Museum of Natural History]
1971
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1086 |
id |
ftamnh:oai:digitallibrary.amnh.org:2246/1086 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftamnh:oai:digitallibrary.amnh.org:2246/1086 2023-05-15T14:03:32+02:00 A review of the pre-Pliocene penguins of New Zealand. Bulletin of the AMNH v. 144, article 5 Simpson, George Gaylord, 1902- 1971 28689550 bytes application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1086 eng en_US eng New York : [American Museum of Natural History] Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 144, article 5 http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1086 QH1 .A4 vol.144 art.5 1971 Penguins Fossil -- New Zealand Birds Paleontology -- Tertiary -- New Zealand Paleontology -- New Zealand text 1971 ftamnh 2022-03-24T06:32:40Z p. 321-378 : ill., map 27 cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. 376-378). "The first fossil penguin to be made known, Palaeeudyptes antarcticus, was described from New Zealand by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1859. The many other pre-Pliocene penguins found in New Zealand after that date were monographed by Professor B.J. Marples in 1952. They are here systematically reviewed, with references to previous illustrations and substantive publications, and new data and illustrations are provided. Pre-Pliocene penguins have been found in New Zealand at ten localities or collecting areas. The generically unidentifiable specimen from Gore Bay, previously considered to be from the early Eocene and the oldest known penguin, is in fact Oligocene or early Miocene in age. The oldest known penguins are Pachydyptes ponderosus, Palaeeudyptes marplesi, and Palaeeudyptes sp. from the late Eocene. Other known New Zealand penguins range through the Oligocene and perhaps early Miocene. Within the range late Eocene-early Miocene many specimens are of undeterminable precise age. The reported great range, Kaiatan-Waitakian for the single species Palaeeudyptes antarcticus is not substantiated. The known pre-Pliocene New Zealand penguins are classified in six genera, Palaeeudyptes, Pachydyptes, Platydyptes, Archaeospheniscus, Duntroonornis, and Korora, with nine named species, of which ?Platydyptes marplesi is here new. Among fairly numerous specimens referred to Palaeeudyptes, only the two specific holotypes are considered definitely identifiable to species on the basis of present knowledge. It is unlikely that any of the known genera were ancestral to Recent penguins. Previous attempts at subfamily classification are unsatisfactory, and subfamilies are abandoned here. The New Zealand forms show some, but limited resemblances to the penguin faunas of each of the other three regions where fossils of this family have been found; southern Australia, Seymour Island, and Argentine Patagonia. The largest fossil penguin, Pachydyptes ponderosus, was probably at least 50 per cent taller than the largest Recent penguin and probably weighed about 100 kilograms. In general, known fossil penguins average considerably larger than Recent penguins in the same latitudes. Recent penguins tend to be larger in higher latitudes or colder environments, but there are adaptations to climate other than size and these may be more crucial. Eocene-Miocene penguins did not follow the size-temperature regression of Recent penguins and must have had dissimilar heat regulation. However, all the basic locomotory adaptations of the Spheniscidae were virtually complete in the late Eocene, and the origin of the family must have been much earlier. No earlier, possibly relevant fossils occur in the extremely poor fossil record of birds in the Southern Hemisphere"--P. 376. Text Antarc* antarcticus Seymour Island American Museum of Natural History: AMNH scientific publications Argentine Gore Bay ENVELOPE(-84.399,-84.399,66.318,66.318) Huxley ENVELOPE(162.867,162.867,-77.850,-77.850) New Zealand Patagonia Seymour ENVELOPE(-56.767,-56.767,-64.283,-64.283) Seymour Island ENVELOPE(-56.750,-56.750,-64.283,-64.283) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
American Museum of Natural History: AMNH scientific publications |
op_collection_id |
ftamnh |
language |
English |
topic |
QH1 .A4 vol.144 art.5 1971 Penguins Fossil -- New Zealand Birds Paleontology -- Tertiary -- New Zealand Paleontology -- New Zealand |
spellingShingle |
QH1 .A4 vol.144 art.5 1971 Penguins Fossil -- New Zealand Birds Paleontology -- Tertiary -- New Zealand Paleontology -- New Zealand Simpson, George Gaylord, 1902- A review of the pre-Pliocene penguins of New Zealand. Bulletin of the AMNH |
topic_facet |
QH1 .A4 vol.144 art.5 1971 Penguins Fossil -- New Zealand Birds Paleontology -- Tertiary -- New Zealand Paleontology -- New Zealand |
description |
p. 321-378 : ill., map 27 cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. 376-378). "The first fossil penguin to be made known, Palaeeudyptes antarcticus, was described from New Zealand by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1859. The many other pre-Pliocene penguins found in New Zealand after that date were monographed by Professor B.J. Marples in 1952. They are here systematically reviewed, with references to previous illustrations and substantive publications, and new data and illustrations are provided. Pre-Pliocene penguins have been found in New Zealand at ten localities or collecting areas. The generically unidentifiable specimen from Gore Bay, previously considered to be from the early Eocene and the oldest known penguin, is in fact Oligocene or early Miocene in age. The oldest known penguins are Pachydyptes ponderosus, Palaeeudyptes marplesi, and Palaeeudyptes sp. from the late Eocene. Other known New Zealand penguins range through the Oligocene and perhaps early Miocene. Within the range late Eocene-early Miocene many specimens are of undeterminable precise age. The reported great range, Kaiatan-Waitakian for the single species Palaeeudyptes antarcticus is not substantiated. The known pre-Pliocene New Zealand penguins are classified in six genera, Palaeeudyptes, Pachydyptes, Platydyptes, Archaeospheniscus, Duntroonornis, and Korora, with nine named species, of which ?Platydyptes marplesi is here new. Among fairly numerous specimens referred to Palaeeudyptes, only the two specific holotypes are considered definitely identifiable to species on the basis of present knowledge. It is unlikely that any of the known genera were ancestral to Recent penguins. Previous attempts at subfamily classification are unsatisfactory, and subfamilies are abandoned here. The New Zealand forms show some, but limited resemblances to the penguin faunas of each of the other three regions where fossils of this family have been found; southern Australia, Seymour Island, and Argentine Patagonia. The largest fossil penguin, Pachydyptes ponderosus, was probably at least 50 per cent taller than the largest Recent penguin and probably weighed about 100 kilograms. In general, known fossil penguins average considerably larger than Recent penguins in the same latitudes. Recent penguins tend to be larger in higher latitudes or colder environments, but there are adaptations to climate other than size and these may be more crucial. Eocene-Miocene penguins did not follow the size-temperature regression of Recent penguins and must have had dissimilar heat regulation. However, all the basic locomotory adaptations of the Spheniscidae were virtually complete in the late Eocene, and the origin of the family must have been much earlier. No earlier, possibly relevant fossils occur in the extremely poor fossil record of birds in the Southern Hemisphere"--P. 376. |
format |
Text |
author |
Simpson, George Gaylord, 1902- |
author_facet |
Simpson, George Gaylord, 1902- |
author_sort |
Simpson, George Gaylord, 1902- |
title |
A review of the pre-Pliocene penguins of New Zealand. Bulletin of the AMNH |
title_short |
A review of the pre-Pliocene penguins of New Zealand. Bulletin of the AMNH |
title_full |
A review of the pre-Pliocene penguins of New Zealand. Bulletin of the AMNH |
title_fullStr |
A review of the pre-Pliocene penguins of New Zealand. Bulletin of the AMNH |
title_full_unstemmed |
A review of the pre-Pliocene penguins of New Zealand. Bulletin of the AMNH |
title_sort |
review of the pre-pliocene penguins of new zealand. bulletin of the amnh |
publisher |
New York : [American Museum of Natural History] |
publishDate |
1971 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1086 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-84.399,-84.399,66.318,66.318) ENVELOPE(162.867,162.867,-77.850,-77.850) ENVELOPE(-56.767,-56.767,-64.283,-64.283) ENVELOPE(-56.750,-56.750,-64.283,-64.283) |
geographic |
Argentine Gore Bay Huxley New Zealand Patagonia Seymour Seymour Island |
geographic_facet |
Argentine Gore Bay Huxley New Zealand Patagonia Seymour Seymour Island |
genre |
Antarc* antarcticus Seymour Island |
genre_facet |
Antarc* antarcticus Seymour Island |
op_relation |
Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 144, article 5 http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1086 |
_version_ |
1766274227584892928 |