Micro-organismes, vol, reproduction et prédation chez les oiseaux
The fitness costs that macro- and micro-parasites impose on hosts can be explained by three main factors: (1) Hosts use immune responses against parasites to prevent or control infection. Immune responses require energy and nutrients to produce and/or activate immune cells and immunoglobulins, and t...
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Language: | French |
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2017
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ftagroparistech:oai:HAL:tel-01581758v1 2024-02-11T09:54:34+01:00 Micro-organismes, vol, reproduction et prédation chez les oiseaux Microorganisms, flight, reproduction, and predation in birds Al Rubaiee, Zaid Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE) Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) Anders Pape Møller 2017-04-28 https://theses.hal.science/tel-01581758 https://theses.hal.science/tel-01581758/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-01581758/file/72412_AL-RUBAIEE_2017_diffusion.pdf fr fre HAL CCSD NNT: 2017SACLS097 tel-01581758 https://theses.hal.science/tel-01581758 https://theses.hal.science/tel-01581758/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-01581758/file/72412_AL-RUBAIEE_2017_diffusion.pdf info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess https://theses.hal.science/tel-01581758 Microbiologie et Parasitologie. Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), 2017. Français. ⟨NNT : 2017SACLS097⟩ Hirundo rustica Microorganisms Feather lining of nests Accipiter gentilis Bacillus megatherium Bactéria Fungi Micro-organismes Bactéries Doublures en plumes de nids Champignons [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis Theses 2017 ftagroparistech 2024-01-23T23:52:10Z The fitness costs that macro- and micro-parasites impose on hosts can be explained by three main factors: (1) Hosts use immune responses against parasites to prevent or control infection. Immune responses require energy and nutrients to produce and/or activate immune cells and immunoglobulins, and that is costly, causing trade-offs against other physiological processes like growth or reproduction. (2) The host’s metabolic rate can be increased because tissue damage and subsequent repair from the infection caused by parasite may be costly. (3) The metabolic rate of hosts may increase and hence also increase their resource requirements. Competition between macroparasites and hosts may deprive resources of host. Birds are hosts for many symbionts, some of them parasitic, that could decrease the fitness of their hosts. There is a huge diversity in potential parasites carried in a bird’s plumage and some can cause infection. Nest lining feathers are chosen and transported by adult birds including barn swallows Hirundo rustica to their nests, implying that any heterogeneity in abundance and diversity of microorganisms on feathers in nests must arise from feather preferences. we found that the effects of microorganisms on the behavior of birds may be a combination of positive and negative effects. There may be positive effects of antimicrobial activity on birds through the process of bacterial interference, consisting of certain bacteria impeding the establishment of competing bacterial strains by producing antibiotic substances. Meanwhile, the negative effects may imply that pathogenic or/and feather-degrading microorganisms may reduce fitness components of their hosts. These effects of microorganisms and hence the microbiome can be affected by the behavior of bird hosts. Les coûts de remise en forme que les macro et micro parasites imposent aux hôtes peuvent s'expliquer par trois facteurs principaux : (1) Les hôtes utilisent des réponses immunitaires contre les parasites pour prévenir ou contrôler l'infection. Les ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Accipiter gentilis AgroParisTech: HAL (Institut des sciences et industries du vivant et de l'environnement) Champignons ENVELOPE(139.957,139.957,-66.664,-66.664) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
AgroParisTech: HAL (Institut des sciences et industries du vivant et de l'environnement) |
op_collection_id |
ftagroparistech |
language |
French |
topic |
Hirundo rustica Microorganisms Feather lining of nests Accipiter gentilis Bacillus megatherium Bactéria Fungi Micro-organismes Bactéries Doublures en plumes de nids Champignons [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment |
spellingShingle |
Hirundo rustica Microorganisms Feather lining of nests Accipiter gentilis Bacillus megatherium Bactéria Fungi Micro-organismes Bactéries Doublures en plumes de nids Champignons [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment Al Rubaiee, Zaid Micro-organismes, vol, reproduction et prédation chez les oiseaux |
topic_facet |
Hirundo rustica Microorganisms Feather lining of nests Accipiter gentilis Bacillus megatherium Bactéria Fungi Micro-organismes Bactéries Doublures en plumes de nids Champignons [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment |
description |
The fitness costs that macro- and micro-parasites impose on hosts can be explained by three main factors: (1) Hosts use immune responses against parasites to prevent or control infection. Immune responses require energy and nutrients to produce and/or activate immune cells and immunoglobulins, and that is costly, causing trade-offs against other physiological processes like growth or reproduction. (2) The host’s metabolic rate can be increased because tissue damage and subsequent repair from the infection caused by parasite may be costly. (3) The metabolic rate of hosts may increase and hence also increase their resource requirements. Competition between macroparasites and hosts may deprive resources of host. Birds are hosts for many symbionts, some of them parasitic, that could decrease the fitness of their hosts. There is a huge diversity in potential parasites carried in a bird’s plumage and some can cause infection. Nest lining feathers are chosen and transported by adult birds including barn swallows Hirundo rustica to their nests, implying that any heterogeneity in abundance and diversity of microorganisms on feathers in nests must arise from feather preferences. we found that the effects of microorganisms on the behavior of birds may be a combination of positive and negative effects. There may be positive effects of antimicrobial activity on birds through the process of bacterial interference, consisting of certain bacteria impeding the establishment of competing bacterial strains by producing antibiotic substances. Meanwhile, the negative effects may imply that pathogenic or/and feather-degrading microorganisms may reduce fitness components of their hosts. These effects of microorganisms and hence the microbiome can be affected by the behavior of bird hosts. Les coûts de remise en forme que les macro et micro parasites imposent aux hôtes peuvent s'expliquer par trois facteurs principaux : (1) Les hôtes utilisent des réponses immunitaires contre les parasites pour prévenir ou contrôler l'infection. Les ... |
author2 |
Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE) Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) Anders Pape Møller |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Al Rubaiee, Zaid |
author_facet |
Al Rubaiee, Zaid |
author_sort |
Al Rubaiee, Zaid |
title |
Micro-organismes, vol, reproduction et prédation chez les oiseaux |
title_short |
Micro-organismes, vol, reproduction et prédation chez les oiseaux |
title_full |
Micro-organismes, vol, reproduction et prédation chez les oiseaux |
title_fullStr |
Micro-organismes, vol, reproduction et prédation chez les oiseaux |
title_full_unstemmed |
Micro-organismes, vol, reproduction et prédation chez les oiseaux |
title_sort |
micro-organismes, vol, reproduction et prédation chez les oiseaux |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://theses.hal.science/tel-01581758 https://theses.hal.science/tel-01581758/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-01581758/file/72412_AL-RUBAIEE_2017_diffusion.pdf |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(139.957,139.957,-66.664,-66.664) |
geographic |
Champignons |
geographic_facet |
Champignons |
genre |
Accipiter gentilis |
genre_facet |
Accipiter gentilis |
op_source |
https://theses.hal.science/tel-01581758 Microbiologie et Parasitologie. Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), 2017. Français. ⟨NNT : 2017SACLS097⟩ |
op_relation |
NNT: 2017SACLS097 tel-01581758 https://theses.hal.science/tel-01581758 https://theses.hal.science/tel-01581758/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-01581758/file/72412_AL-RUBAIEE_2017_diffusion.pdf |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
_version_ |
1790607650101133312 |