Water Chemistry in the Confluence Zone Downstream a Limestone Treated Lake and an Acid Tributary: Principal Component Analyses Including Warm and Cold Winters and an Episode High in Sea-Salts
Published version of an article from the journal:International Journal of Arts and Sciences. Also available from the publisher: http://www.openaccesslibrary.org/images/XEW244_Alfred_A._Christy_II_.pdf. Open Access Extensive limestone treatment of lakes and watercourses has been carried out especiall...
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ftagderuniv:oai:uia.brage.unit.no:11250/138246 2023-05-15T17:36:38+02:00 Water Chemistry in the Confluence Zone Downstream a Limestone Treated Lake and an Acid Tributary: Principal Component Analyses Including Warm and Cold Winters and an Episode High in Sea-Salts Andersen, Dag Olav Christy, Alfred A. 2010 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/11250/138246 unknown InternationalJournal.org ndersen, D. O., & Christy, A. A. (2010). Water Chemistry in the Confluence Zone Downstream a Limestone Treated Lake and an Acid Tributary: Principal Component Analyses Including Warm and Cold Winters and an Episode High in Sea-Salts. International Journal of Arts and Sciences, 3(9), 23-35. urn:issn:1944-6934 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/138246 23-35 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Chemistry: 440::Environmental chemistry natural environmental chemistry: 446 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Chemistry: 440::Organic chemistry: 441 Journal article Peer reviewed 2010 ftagderuniv 2022-12-11T06:51:47Z Published version of an article from the journal:International Journal of Arts and Sciences. Also available from the publisher: http://www.openaccesslibrary.org/images/XEW244_Alfred_A._Christy_II_.pdf. Open Access Extensive limestone treatment of lakes and watercourses has been carried out especially in Norway and Sweden to counteract effects of acidification. Lakes have been the most commonly treated part of the water systems. However, treatment of lakes upstream acid tributaries may introduce downstream toxic mixing zones for fish. To sort this out the outlet of a treated lake, a downstream acid tributary and two sites in the confluence zone were intensely monitored during a period of 28 months. The data accumulated come from a period (from February 1992) where significant climatic variations took place that provide a basis for studying intercorrelations between water chemistry and climatic change. The first two winters were warmer than normal and the catchments were hardly covered with snow and the lake was ice-covered only for a few days. The last winter was colder than normal, nival and the lake was ice-covered from December to April. During the second winter a low pressure over the north Atlantic gave strong south-westerly winds and large amounts of precipitation loaded with sea-salts. The principal component analysis (PCA) separates both the outlet and the tributary data into two groups while the data from the confluence zone are separated into three. Significant different water chemistry was observed in the outlet during the ice-covered period while effects of the sea-salt event splits the data from the tributary into two groups. The water chemistry in the confluence zone reflects both the ice-covered period, the sea-salt event and besides the more general situation. The PCA analysis indicates that the changing weather conditions mainly influenced on the water quality in the tributary. The water quality in the confluence zone was generally a conservative mixture of the outlet and the tributary waters ... Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Unvieristy of Agder: AURA (Brage) Norway |
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Open Polar |
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Unvieristy of Agder: AURA (Brage) |
op_collection_id |
ftagderuniv |
language |
unknown |
topic |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Chemistry: 440::Environmental chemistry natural environmental chemistry: 446 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Chemistry: 440::Organic chemistry: 441 |
spellingShingle |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Chemistry: 440::Environmental chemistry natural environmental chemistry: 446 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Chemistry: 440::Organic chemistry: 441 Andersen, Dag Olav Christy, Alfred A. Water Chemistry in the Confluence Zone Downstream a Limestone Treated Lake and an Acid Tributary: Principal Component Analyses Including Warm and Cold Winters and an Episode High in Sea-Salts |
topic_facet |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Chemistry: 440::Environmental chemistry natural environmental chemistry: 446 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Chemistry: 440::Organic chemistry: 441 |
description |
Published version of an article from the journal:International Journal of Arts and Sciences. Also available from the publisher: http://www.openaccesslibrary.org/images/XEW244_Alfred_A._Christy_II_.pdf. Open Access Extensive limestone treatment of lakes and watercourses has been carried out especially in Norway and Sweden to counteract effects of acidification. Lakes have been the most commonly treated part of the water systems. However, treatment of lakes upstream acid tributaries may introduce downstream toxic mixing zones for fish. To sort this out the outlet of a treated lake, a downstream acid tributary and two sites in the confluence zone were intensely monitored during a period of 28 months. The data accumulated come from a period (from February 1992) where significant climatic variations took place that provide a basis for studying intercorrelations between water chemistry and climatic change. The first two winters were warmer than normal and the catchments were hardly covered with snow and the lake was ice-covered only for a few days. The last winter was colder than normal, nival and the lake was ice-covered from December to April. During the second winter a low pressure over the north Atlantic gave strong south-westerly winds and large amounts of precipitation loaded with sea-salts. The principal component analysis (PCA) separates both the outlet and the tributary data into two groups while the data from the confluence zone are separated into three. Significant different water chemistry was observed in the outlet during the ice-covered period while effects of the sea-salt event splits the data from the tributary into two groups. The water chemistry in the confluence zone reflects both the ice-covered period, the sea-salt event and besides the more general situation. The PCA analysis indicates that the changing weather conditions mainly influenced on the water quality in the tributary. The water quality in the confluence zone was generally a conservative mixture of the outlet and the tributary waters ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Andersen, Dag Olav Christy, Alfred A. |
author_facet |
Andersen, Dag Olav Christy, Alfred A. |
author_sort |
Andersen, Dag Olav |
title |
Water Chemistry in the Confluence Zone Downstream a Limestone Treated Lake and an Acid Tributary: Principal Component Analyses Including Warm and Cold Winters and an Episode High in Sea-Salts |
title_short |
Water Chemistry in the Confluence Zone Downstream a Limestone Treated Lake and an Acid Tributary: Principal Component Analyses Including Warm and Cold Winters and an Episode High in Sea-Salts |
title_full |
Water Chemistry in the Confluence Zone Downstream a Limestone Treated Lake and an Acid Tributary: Principal Component Analyses Including Warm and Cold Winters and an Episode High in Sea-Salts |
title_fullStr |
Water Chemistry in the Confluence Zone Downstream a Limestone Treated Lake and an Acid Tributary: Principal Component Analyses Including Warm and Cold Winters and an Episode High in Sea-Salts |
title_full_unstemmed |
Water Chemistry in the Confluence Zone Downstream a Limestone Treated Lake and an Acid Tributary: Principal Component Analyses Including Warm and Cold Winters and an Episode High in Sea-Salts |
title_sort |
water chemistry in the confluence zone downstream a limestone treated lake and an acid tributary: principal component analyses including warm and cold winters and an episode high in sea-salts |
publisher |
InternationalJournal.org |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/138246 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
23-35 |
op_relation |
ndersen, D. O., & Christy, A. A. (2010). Water Chemistry in the Confluence Zone Downstream a Limestone Treated Lake and an Acid Tributary: Principal Component Analyses Including Warm and Cold Winters and an Episode High in Sea-Salts. International Journal of Arts and Sciences, 3(9), 23-35. urn:issn:1944-6934 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/138246 |
_version_ |
1766136169427369984 |