An inter-comparison of the mass budget of the Arctic sea ice in CMIP6 models
We compare the mass budget of the Arctic sea ice for 15 models submitted to the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), using new diagnostics that have not been available for previous model inter-comparisons. These diagnostics allow us to look beyond the standard metrics of ice cover a...
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European Geosciences Union
2021
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11765/12882 |
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ftaemet:oai:repositorio.aemet.es:20.500.11765/12882 2024-06-23T07:49:54+00:00 An inter-comparison of the mass budget of the Arctic sea ice in CMIP6 models Keen, Ann Blockley, Ed Bailey, David Anthony Boldingh Debernard, Jens Bushuk, Mitchell Delhaye, Steve Docquier, David Feltham, Daniel Massonnet, François O’Farrell, Siobhan Ponsoni, Leandro Rodríguez González, José María Schroeder, David Swart, Neil Toyoda, Takahiro Tsujino, Hiroyuki Vancoppenolle, Martin Wyser, Klaus 2021 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11765/12882 eng eng European Geosciences Union Copernicus Publications https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-951-2021 The Cryosphere. 2021, 15(2), p. 951–982 1994-0416 1994-0424 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11765/12882 Licencia CC: Reconocimiento CC BY info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Arctic sea ice Sea ice models CMIP6 Seasonal cycle info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2021 ftaemet https://doi.org/20.500.11765/1288210.5194/tc-15-951-2021 2024-06-03T14:17:57Z We compare the mass budget of the Arctic sea ice for 15 models submitted to the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), using new diagnostics that have not been available for previous model inter-comparisons. These diagnostics allow us to look beyond the standard metrics of ice cover and thickness to compare the processes of sea ice growth and loss in climate models in a more detailed way than has previously been possible. For the 1960–1989 multi-model mean, the dominant processes causing annual ice growth are basal growth and frazil ice formation, which both occur during the winter. The main processes by which ice is lost are basal melting, top melting and advection of ice out of the Arctic. The first two processes occur in summer, while the latter process is present all year. The sea ice budgets for individual models are strikingly similar overall in terms of the major processes causing ice growth and loss and in terms of the time of year during which each process is important. However, there are also some key differences between the models, and we have found a number of relationships between model formulation and components of the ice budget that hold for all or most of the CMIP6 models considered here. The relative amounts of frazil and basal ice formation vary between the models, and the amount of frazil ice formation is strongly dependent on the value chosen for the minimum frazil ice thickness. There are also differences in the relative amounts of top and basal melting, potentially dependent on how much shortwave radiation can penetrate through the sea ice into the ocean. For models with prognostic melt ponds, the choice of scheme may affect the amount of basal growth, basal melt and top melt, and the choice of thermodynamic scheme is important in determining the amount of basal growth and top melt. The ACCESS-CM2 CMIP6 submission was jointly funded through CSIRO and the Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub of the Australian government’s National Environmental Science Program, with support ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Climate change Sea ice The Cryosphere ARCIMÍS (Archivo Climatológico y Meteorológico Institucional - AEMET, Agencia Estatal de Meteorología) Arctic The Cryosphere 15 2 951 982 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
ARCIMÍS (Archivo Climatológico y Meteorológico Institucional - AEMET, Agencia Estatal de Meteorología) |
op_collection_id |
ftaemet |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic sea ice Sea ice models CMIP6 Seasonal cycle |
spellingShingle |
Arctic sea ice Sea ice models CMIP6 Seasonal cycle Keen, Ann Blockley, Ed Bailey, David Anthony Boldingh Debernard, Jens Bushuk, Mitchell Delhaye, Steve Docquier, David Feltham, Daniel Massonnet, François O’Farrell, Siobhan Ponsoni, Leandro Rodríguez González, José María Schroeder, David Swart, Neil Toyoda, Takahiro Tsujino, Hiroyuki Vancoppenolle, Martin Wyser, Klaus An inter-comparison of the mass budget of the Arctic sea ice in CMIP6 models |
topic_facet |
Arctic sea ice Sea ice models CMIP6 Seasonal cycle |
description |
We compare the mass budget of the Arctic sea ice for 15 models submitted to the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), using new diagnostics that have not been available for previous model inter-comparisons. These diagnostics allow us to look beyond the standard metrics of ice cover and thickness to compare the processes of sea ice growth and loss in climate models in a more detailed way than has previously been possible. For the 1960–1989 multi-model mean, the dominant processes causing annual ice growth are basal growth and frazil ice formation, which both occur during the winter. The main processes by which ice is lost are basal melting, top melting and advection of ice out of the Arctic. The first two processes occur in summer, while the latter process is present all year. The sea ice budgets for individual models are strikingly similar overall in terms of the major processes causing ice growth and loss and in terms of the time of year during which each process is important. However, there are also some key differences between the models, and we have found a number of relationships between model formulation and components of the ice budget that hold for all or most of the CMIP6 models considered here. The relative amounts of frazil and basal ice formation vary between the models, and the amount of frazil ice formation is strongly dependent on the value chosen for the minimum frazil ice thickness. There are also differences in the relative amounts of top and basal melting, potentially dependent on how much shortwave radiation can penetrate through the sea ice into the ocean. For models with prognostic melt ponds, the choice of scheme may affect the amount of basal growth, basal melt and top melt, and the choice of thermodynamic scheme is important in determining the amount of basal growth and top melt. The ACCESS-CM2 CMIP6 submission was jointly funded through CSIRO and the Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub of the Australian government’s National Environmental Science Program, with support ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Keen, Ann Blockley, Ed Bailey, David Anthony Boldingh Debernard, Jens Bushuk, Mitchell Delhaye, Steve Docquier, David Feltham, Daniel Massonnet, François O’Farrell, Siobhan Ponsoni, Leandro Rodríguez González, José María Schroeder, David Swart, Neil Toyoda, Takahiro Tsujino, Hiroyuki Vancoppenolle, Martin Wyser, Klaus |
author_facet |
Keen, Ann Blockley, Ed Bailey, David Anthony Boldingh Debernard, Jens Bushuk, Mitchell Delhaye, Steve Docquier, David Feltham, Daniel Massonnet, François O’Farrell, Siobhan Ponsoni, Leandro Rodríguez González, José María Schroeder, David Swart, Neil Toyoda, Takahiro Tsujino, Hiroyuki Vancoppenolle, Martin Wyser, Klaus |
author_sort |
Keen, Ann |
title |
An inter-comparison of the mass budget of the Arctic sea ice in CMIP6 models |
title_short |
An inter-comparison of the mass budget of the Arctic sea ice in CMIP6 models |
title_full |
An inter-comparison of the mass budget of the Arctic sea ice in CMIP6 models |
title_fullStr |
An inter-comparison of the mass budget of the Arctic sea ice in CMIP6 models |
title_full_unstemmed |
An inter-comparison of the mass budget of the Arctic sea ice in CMIP6 models |
title_sort |
inter-comparison of the mass budget of the arctic sea ice in cmip6 models |
publisher |
European Geosciences Union |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11765/12882 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Climate change Sea ice The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change Sea ice The Cryosphere |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-951-2021 The Cryosphere. 2021, 15(2), p. 951–982 1994-0416 1994-0424 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11765/12882 |
op_rights |
Licencia CC: Reconocimiento CC BY info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/20.500.11765/1288210.5194/tc-15-951-2021 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
951 |
op_container_end_page |
982 |
_version_ |
1802640623077949440 |