Fog removal in the declines of underground mines in sub-arctic regions
Fogging is a common safety hazard observed especially in the declines of underground mines located in sub-arctic regions. Fog forms when saturated air loses internal energy by mixing with a colder air stream, by simply ascending through the ventilation system of the mine, or when contact with cold w...
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Other Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
Language: | English |
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Helsinki University of Technology
2007
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Online Access: | https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/2869 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Aalto University Publication Archive (Aaltodoc) |
op_collection_id |
ftaaltouniv |
language |
English |
topic |
Civil engineering Environmental science Mechanical engineering mine ventilation fog formation fog removal visibility psychrometric particle concentration kaivostuuletus sumun muodostus sumunpoisto näkyvyys psykrometria hiukkaspitoisuus |
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Civil engineering Environmental science Mechanical engineering mine ventilation fog formation fog removal visibility psychrometric particle concentration kaivostuuletus sumun muodostus sumunpoisto näkyvyys psykrometria hiukkaspitoisuus Martikainen, Anu Fog removal in the declines of underground mines in sub-arctic regions |
topic_facet |
Civil engineering Environmental science Mechanical engineering mine ventilation fog formation fog removal visibility psychrometric particle concentration kaivostuuletus sumun muodostus sumunpoisto näkyvyys psykrometria hiukkaspitoisuus |
description |
Fogging is a common safety hazard observed especially in the declines of underground mines located in sub-arctic regions. Fog forms when saturated air loses internal energy by mixing with a colder air stream, by simply ascending through the ventilation system of the mine, or when contact with cold wall-rock decreases air temperature. Studies concerning fogging in underground mines are rare. Technological advances and more complete theoretical knowledge gained by research in many other fields offer possibilities for thorough fogging research in mines. This research aims to better understand underground fog formation, related parameters, characteristics, and fog behaviour. Interviews, literature review, psychrometric and particle concentration measurements, on-site field tests of the existing fog removal methods, and developing and testing a new fog removal approach are used as research methods. The interviews show that there are methods not mentioned in the literature that are used for fog removal in mines. Case studies provide fascinating insight into fogging problems and how to solve them. From literature review the complicated behaviour of fog is uncovered, and the role of visibility, optical attenuation, and droplet size distribution studies are evaluated. Ideas concerning further research are presented according to the findings. Basic study results demonstrate the situation in declines of three underground mines; Pyhäsalmi Mine, Orivesi Mine, and Louhi Mine in Finland. Studies concerning increasing air velocity show that the value suggested by literature to be high enough for fog dispersal, 0.25 m/s, is not nearly enough in the declines of these mines. Installing an additional fan, showed that the change in relative humidity and thus fog thickness was based on the quantity of heat the fan added to the air. Heating decreased fog thickness noticeably. Only local fog removal was observed for both methods. Trials concerning new method development gave mainly positive results. The method is based on the water ... |
author2 |
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rakennus- ja ympäristötekniikan osasto Laboratory of Rock Engineering Kalliorakentamisen laboratorio Aalto-yliopisto Aalto University |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Martikainen, Anu |
author_facet |
Martikainen, Anu |
author_sort |
Martikainen, Anu |
title |
Fog removal in the declines of underground mines in sub-arctic regions |
title_short |
Fog removal in the declines of underground mines in sub-arctic regions |
title_full |
Fog removal in the declines of underground mines in sub-arctic regions |
title_fullStr |
Fog removal in the declines of underground mines in sub-arctic regions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fog removal in the declines of underground mines in sub-arctic regions |
title_sort |
fog removal in the declines of underground mines in sub-arctic regions |
publisher |
Helsinki University of Technology |
publishDate |
2007 |
url |
https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/2869 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_relation |
TKK dissertations 70 Martikainen, A. L., 2005, Comparative evaluation of fogging phenomenon in the ramp of three mines in Finland, Proceedings of the 8th International Mine Ventilation Congress, July 6-8 2005, AusIMM, Burwood, Australia, pp: 103-110. [article1.pdf] © 2005 Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM). By permission. Martikainen, A. L., 2006, Alternative fog removal methods in mine ramps, Proceedings of the 11th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium, Mutmansky, J. and Ramani, R., eds., June 5-7 2006, Taylor & Francis Group plc, London, U.K., pp: 295-300. [article2.pdf] © 2006 Taylor & Francis. By permission. Martikainen, A. L., 2007, Fog mesh as an alternative fog removal method in mine ramps, 2006 Transactions of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc., January 2007, Volume 320, pp: 38-44. [article3.pdf] © 2007 Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (SME). By permission. Martikainen, A. L., 2007, Fog mesh studies for fog removal, Proceedings of the 2007 SME Annual Meeting & Exhibit and 109th National Western Mining Conference, February 25-28 2007, Denver, Colorado, 4 pp. [article4.pdf] © 2007 Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (SME). By permission. Martikainen, A. L. and Marks, J., 2007, Fogging in mines: The role of visibility, unfamiliar fog removal methods, and future research ideas, Journal of the Mine Ventilation Society of South Africa, Q2, 7 pp. [article5.pdf] © 2007 Mine Ventilation Society of South Africa (MVSSA). By permission. Martikainen, A. L., 2007, Fog removal with a fog mesh – mist eliminators and multiple mesh systems, International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, vol. 21, no. 3, 14 pp. [article6.pdf] © 2007 Taylor & Francis. By permission. 978-951-22-8778-9 1795-4584 https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/2869 urn:nbn:fi:tkk-009270 |
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ftaaltouniv:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/2869 2023-05-15T15:03:49+02:00 Fog removal in the declines of underground mines in sub-arctic regions Sumunpoisto maanalaisten kaivosten vinoajoteillä lauhkean vyöhykkeen alueella Martikainen, Anu Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rakennus- ja ympäristötekniikan osasto Laboratory of Rock Engineering Kalliorakentamisen laboratorio Aalto-yliopisto Aalto University 2007-06-01 application/pdf https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/2869 en eng Helsinki University of Technology Teknillinen korkeakoulu TKK dissertations 70 Martikainen, A. L., 2005, Comparative evaluation of fogging phenomenon in the ramp of three mines in Finland, Proceedings of the 8th International Mine Ventilation Congress, July 6-8 2005, AusIMM, Burwood, Australia, pp: 103-110. [article1.pdf] © 2005 Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM). By permission. Martikainen, A. L., 2006, Alternative fog removal methods in mine ramps, Proceedings of the 11th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium, Mutmansky, J. and Ramani, R., eds., June 5-7 2006, Taylor & Francis Group plc, London, U.K., pp: 295-300. [article2.pdf] © 2006 Taylor & Francis. By permission. Martikainen, A. L., 2007, Fog mesh as an alternative fog removal method in mine ramps, 2006 Transactions of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc., January 2007, Volume 320, pp: 38-44. [article3.pdf] © 2007 Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (SME). By permission. Martikainen, A. L., 2007, Fog mesh studies for fog removal, Proceedings of the 2007 SME Annual Meeting & Exhibit and 109th National Western Mining Conference, February 25-28 2007, Denver, Colorado, 4 pp. [article4.pdf] © 2007 Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (SME). By permission. Martikainen, A. L. and Marks, J., 2007, Fogging in mines: The role of visibility, unfamiliar fog removal methods, and future research ideas, Journal of the Mine Ventilation Society of South Africa, Q2, 7 pp. [article5.pdf] © 2007 Mine Ventilation Society of South Africa (MVSSA). By permission. Martikainen, A. L., 2007, Fog removal with a fog mesh – mist eliminators and multiple mesh systems, International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, vol. 21, no. 3, 14 pp. [article6.pdf] © 2007 Taylor & Francis. By permission. 978-951-22-8778-9 1795-4584 https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/2869 urn:nbn:fi:tkk-009270 Civil engineering Environmental science Mechanical engineering mine ventilation fog formation fog removal visibility psychrometric particle concentration kaivostuuletus sumun muodostus sumunpoisto näkyvyys psykrometria hiukkaspitoisuus G5 Artikkeliväitöskirja text Väitöskirja (artikkeli) Doctoral dissertation (article-based) 2007 ftaaltouniv 2022-12-15T19:11:33Z Fogging is a common safety hazard observed especially in the declines of underground mines located in sub-arctic regions. Fog forms when saturated air loses internal energy by mixing with a colder air stream, by simply ascending through the ventilation system of the mine, or when contact with cold wall-rock decreases air temperature. Studies concerning fogging in underground mines are rare. Technological advances and more complete theoretical knowledge gained by research in many other fields offer possibilities for thorough fogging research in mines. This research aims to better understand underground fog formation, related parameters, characteristics, and fog behaviour. Interviews, literature review, psychrometric and particle concentration measurements, on-site field tests of the existing fog removal methods, and developing and testing a new fog removal approach are used as research methods. The interviews show that there are methods not mentioned in the literature that are used for fog removal in mines. Case studies provide fascinating insight into fogging problems and how to solve them. From literature review the complicated behaviour of fog is uncovered, and the role of visibility, optical attenuation, and droplet size distribution studies are evaluated. Ideas concerning further research are presented according to the findings. Basic study results demonstrate the situation in declines of three underground mines; Pyhäsalmi Mine, Orivesi Mine, and Louhi Mine in Finland. Studies concerning increasing air velocity show that the value suggested by literature to be high enough for fog dispersal, 0.25 m/s, is not nearly enough in the declines of these mines. Installing an additional fan, showed that the change in relative humidity and thus fog thickness was based on the quantity of heat the fan added to the air. Heating decreased fog thickness noticeably. Only local fog removal was observed for both methods. Trials concerning new method development gave mainly positive results. The method is based on the water ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Arctic Aalto University Publication Archive (Aaltodoc) Arctic |