Cumpstson 2006 Ice-Marginal Delta Formation and Sedimentary Processes Of Kongsvegen Glacier in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Norway
Abstract: Over the last ca. 15 years, the southeastern portion of Kongsvegen glacier has retreated back onto land and an ice-marginal delta has formed at its terminus. The delta has an annual growth rate of 6.0x105 m3 a-1, determined from bathymetric profiling and aerial photos taken inbound and out...
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Language: | unknown |
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Arctic Data Center
2013
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Online Access: | https://search.dataone.org/view/urn:uuid:bacda853-d4d0-41ab-a1c0-5340061247aa |
id |
dataone:urn:uuid:bacda853-d4d0-41ab-a1c0-5340061247aa |
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record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Arctic Data Center (via DataONE) |
op_collection_id |
dataone:urn:node:ARCTIC |
language |
unknown |
topic |
EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > LAKE LEVELS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > LAND RECORDS > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > VARVE DEPOSITS EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > DEGRADATION EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENT TRANSPORT EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE SEDIMENTS > SEDIMENT TRANSPORT EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE SEDIMENTS > TURBIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > LAND TEMPERATURE > LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > ENTRAINMENT EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIERS EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIERS EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENTATION EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > FROZEN GROUND > SOIL TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > FROZEN GROUND > PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SUSPENDED SOLIDS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > SAMPLERS > GRABBERS/TRAPS/COLLECTORS > SEDIMENT TRAPS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CORERS > SEDIMENT CORERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CONDUCTIVITY SENSORS > CONDUCTIVITY METERS EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > PHOTON/OPTICAL DETECTORS > CAMERAS > CAMERAS EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > PROFILERS/SOUNDERS > TEMPERATURE PROFILERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > RECORDERS/LOGGERS > TEMPERATURE LOGGERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > GAUGES > STREAM GAUGES EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > POSITIONING/NAVIGATION > GPS > GPS > GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING > PROFILERS/SOUNDERS > ACOUSTIC SOUNDERS > ECHO SOUNDERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > PROBES > PROBES IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CORERS > CORING DEVICES IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > PROBES > STEEL MEASURING TAPE IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CURRENT/WIND METERS > CURRENT METERS MANNED FIELD STATION HOURLY TO DAILY DAILY TO WEEKLY ANNUAL 1 MINUTE TO 1 HOUR MONTHLY TO ANNUAL WEEKLY TO MONTHLY |
spellingShingle |
EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > LAKE LEVELS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > LAND RECORDS > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > VARVE DEPOSITS EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > DEGRADATION EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENT TRANSPORT EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE SEDIMENTS > SEDIMENT TRANSPORT EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE SEDIMENTS > TURBIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > LAND TEMPERATURE > LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > ENTRAINMENT EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIERS EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIERS EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENTATION EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > FROZEN GROUND > SOIL TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > FROZEN GROUND > PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SUSPENDED SOLIDS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > SAMPLERS > GRABBERS/TRAPS/COLLECTORS > SEDIMENT TRAPS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CORERS > SEDIMENT CORERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CONDUCTIVITY SENSORS > CONDUCTIVITY METERS EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > PHOTON/OPTICAL DETECTORS > CAMERAS > CAMERAS EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > PROFILERS/SOUNDERS > TEMPERATURE PROFILERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > RECORDERS/LOGGERS > TEMPERATURE LOGGERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > GAUGES > STREAM GAUGES EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > POSITIONING/NAVIGATION > GPS > GPS > GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING > PROFILERS/SOUNDERS > ACOUSTIC SOUNDERS > ECHO SOUNDERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > PROBES > PROBES IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CORERS > CORING DEVICES IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > PROBES > STEEL MEASURING TAPE IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CURRENT/WIND METERS > CURRENT METERS MANNED FIELD STATION HOURLY TO DAILY DAILY TO WEEKLY ANNUAL 1 MINUTE TO 1 HOUR MONTHLY TO ANNUAL WEEKLY TO MONTHLY Cumpstson 2006 Ice-Marginal Delta Formation and Sedimentary Processes Of Kongsvegen Glacier in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Norway |
topic_facet |
EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > LAKE LEVELS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > LAND RECORDS > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > VARVE DEPOSITS EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > DEGRADATION EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENT TRANSPORT EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE SEDIMENTS > SEDIMENT TRANSPORT EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE SEDIMENTS > TURBIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > LAND TEMPERATURE > LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > ENTRAINMENT EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIERS EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIERS EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENTATION EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > FROZEN GROUND > SOIL TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > FROZEN GROUND > PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SUSPENDED SOLIDS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > SAMPLERS > GRABBERS/TRAPS/COLLECTORS > SEDIMENT TRAPS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CORERS > SEDIMENT CORERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CONDUCTIVITY SENSORS > CONDUCTIVITY METERS EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > PHOTON/OPTICAL DETECTORS > CAMERAS > CAMERAS EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > PROFILERS/SOUNDERS > TEMPERATURE PROFILERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > RECORDERS/LOGGERS > TEMPERATURE LOGGERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > GAUGES > STREAM GAUGES EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > POSITIONING/NAVIGATION > GPS > GPS > GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING > PROFILERS/SOUNDERS > ACOUSTIC SOUNDERS > ECHO SOUNDERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > PROBES > PROBES IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CORERS > CORING DEVICES IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > PROBES > STEEL MEASURING TAPE IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CURRENT/WIND METERS > CURRENT METERS MANNED FIELD STATION HOURLY TO DAILY DAILY TO WEEKLY ANNUAL 1 MINUTE TO 1 HOUR MONTHLY TO ANNUAL WEEKLY TO MONTHLY |
description |
Abstract: Over the last ca. 15 years, the southeastern portion of Kongsvegen glacier has retreated back onto land and an ice-marginal delta has formed at its terminus. The delta has an annual growth rate of 6.0x105 m3 a-1, determined from bathymetric profiling and aerial photos taken inbound and outbound of Ny Ålesund. Sedimentation in Kongsfjorden, where the subglacial derived meltwater stream discharges after flowing over the delta, were recorded, from sediment traps located at the given distances, as 7.5 ± 1.6 g cm-2 a-1 (69.4 mm a-1 vertical thickness) at 204m in fjord from the source, and 9.19 ± 4.4 g cm-2 a-1 (85.5 mm a-1) at 1193 m from the delta source. The higher value with distal location being attributed to the influx of sediment from a submarine, subglacial meltwater discharge plume from Kronebreen glacier ~2.5 km north of the newly formed delta (Trusel et al., 2006). Sedimentary processes, observed in CTD (conductivity, temperature, depth) profiles, strongly resemble those characteristics of Alaskan glaciers in the temperate environment, including settling sediment layers, interflows, and turbidity flows. These structures are also recorded in both gravity and box cores by sedimentary core logging, magnetic susceptibility, core x-rays, and mineralogical and sediment size distribution histogram differences. Erosive efficiency and transportation of sediment of Svalbard’s polythermal glaciers, in the subpolar environment, are intermediately between Alaskan warm-based, temperate environment, and Antarctic cold-based, polar environment, glaciers. The sedimentation rate of glaciers in Svalbard is one order of magnitude above Antarctic glaciers, and one order of magnitude below Alaskan tidewater glaciers. See also Trusel, L.D., Powell, R.D., Cumpston, R.M., and Brigham-Grette, J., 2010, Modern glacimarine processes and potential future behaviour of Kronebreen and Kongsvegen polythermal tidewater glaciers, Kongsfjorden, Svalbard: Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 344, p. 89–102, doi: 10.1144/SP344.9. |
format |
Dataset |
title |
Cumpstson 2006 Ice-Marginal Delta Formation and Sedimentary Processes Of Kongsvegen Glacier in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Norway |
title_short |
Cumpstson 2006 Ice-Marginal Delta Formation and Sedimentary Processes Of Kongsvegen Glacier in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Norway |
title_full |
Cumpstson 2006 Ice-Marginal Delta Formation and Sedimentary Processes Of Kongsvegen Glacier in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Norway |
title_fullStr |
Cumpstson 2006 Ice-Marginal Delta Formation and Sedimentary Processes Of Kongsvegen Glacier in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Norway |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cumpstson 2006 Ice-Marginal Delta Formation and Sedimentary Processes Of Kongsvegen Glacier in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Norway |
title_sort |
cumpstson 2006 ice-marginal delta formation and sedimentary processes of kongsvegen glacier in kongsfjorden, svalbard, norway |
publisher |
Arctic Data Center |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://search.dataone.org/view/urn:uuid:bacda853-d4d0-41ab-a1c0-5340061247aa |
op_coverage |
ENVELOPE(11.64,13.34,79.016,78.833) |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(162.300,162.300,-77.117,-77.117) ENVELOPE(12.657,12.657,78.854,78.854) ENVELOPE(13.333,13.333,78.833,78.833) ENVELOPE(11.64,13.34,79.016,78.833) |
geographic |
Antarctic Brigham Kongsvegen Kronebreen Norway Ny-Ålesund Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Brigham Kongsvegen Kronebreen Norway Ny-Ålesund Svalbard |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic glacier glacier Ice Sheet Kongsfjord* Kongsfjorden Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund Svalbard Tidewater |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic glacier glacier Ice Sheet Kongsfjord* Kongsfjorden Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund Svalbard Tidewater |
_version_ |
1800871612243771392 |
spelling |
dataone:urn:uuid:bacda853-d4d0-41ab-a1c0-5340061247aa 2024-06-03T18:46:23+00:00 Cumpstson 2006 Ice-Marginal Delta Formation and Sedimentary Processes Of Kongsvegen Glacier in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Norway ENVELOPE(11.64,13.34,79.016,78.833) 2013-11-10T20:11:10Z https://search.dataone.org/view/urn:uuid:bacda853-d4d0-41ab-a1c0-5340061247aa unknown Arctic Data Center EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > LAKE LEVELS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > LAND RECORDS > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > VARVE DEPOSITS EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > DEGRADATION EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENT TRANSPORT EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE SEDIMENTS > SEDIMENT TRANSPORT EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE SEDIMENTS > TURBIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > LAND TEMPERATURE > LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > ENTRAINMENT EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIERS EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIERS EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENTATION EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > FROZEN GROUND > SOIL TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > FROZEN GROUND > PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SUSPENDED SOLIDS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > SAMPLERS > GRABBERS/TRAPS/COLLECTORS > SEDIMENT TRAPS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CORERS > SEDIMENT CORERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CONDUCTIVITY SENSORS > CONDUCTIVITY METERS EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > PHOTON/OPTICAL DETECTORS > CAMERAS > CAMERAS EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > PROFILERS/SOUNDERS > TEMPERATURE PROFILERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > RECORDERS/LOGGERS > TEMPERATURE LOGGERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > GAUGES > STREAM GAUGES EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > POSITIONING/NAVIGATION > GPS > GPS > GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING > PROFILERS/SOUNDERS > ACOUSTIC SOUNDERS > ECHO SOUNDERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > PROBES > PROBES IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CORERS > CORING DEVICES IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > PROBES > STEEL MEASURING TAPE IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CURRENT/WIND METERS > CURRENT METERS MANNED FIELD STATION HOURLY TO DAILY DAILY TO WEEKLY ANNUAL 1 MINUTE TO 1 HOUR MONTHLY TO ANNUAL WEEKLY TO MONTHLY Dataset 2013 dataone:urn:node:ARCTIC 2024-06-03T18:06:29Z Abstract: Over the last ca. 15 years, the southeastern portion of Kongsvegen glacier has retreated back onto land and an ice-marginal delta has formed at its terminus. The delta has an annual growth rate of 6.0x105 m3 a-1, determined from bathymetric profiling and aerial photos taken inbound and outbound of Ny Ålesund. Sedimentation in Kongsfjorden, where the subglacial derived meltwater stream discharges after flowing over the delta, were recorded, from sediment traps located at the given distances, as 7.5 ± 1.6 g cm-2 a-1 (69.4 mm a-1 vertical thickness) at 204m in fjord from the source, and 9.19 ± 4.4 g cm-2 a-1 (85.5 mm a-1) at 1193 m from the delta source. The higher value with distal location being attributed to the influx of sediment from a submarine, subglacial meltwater discharge plume from Kronebreen glacier ~2.5 km north of the newly formed delta (Trusel et al., 2006). Sedimentary processes, observed in CTD (conductivity, temperature, depth) profiles, strongly resemble those characteristics of Alaskan glaciers in the temperate environment, including settling sediment layers, interflows, and turbidity flows. These structures are also recorded in both gravity and box cores by sedimentary core logging, magnetic susceptibility, core x-rays, and mineralogical and sediment size distribution histogram differences. Erosive efficiency and transportation of sediment of Svalbard’s polythermal glaciers, in the subpolar environment, are intermediately between Alaskan warm-based, temperate environment, and Antarctic cold-based, polar environment, glaciers. The sedimentation rate of glaciers in Svalbard is one order of magnitude above Antarctic glaciers, and one order of magnitude below Alaskan tidewater glaciers. See also Trusel, L.D., Powell, R.D., Cumpston, R.M., and Brigham-Grette, J., 2010, Modern glacimarine processes and potential future behaviour of Kronebreen and Kongsvegen polythermal tidewater glaciers, Kongsfjorden, Svalbard: Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 344, p. 89–102, doi: 10.1144/SP344.9. Dataset Antarc* Antarctic glacier glacier Ice Sheet Kongsfjord* Kongsfjorden Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund Svalbard Tidewater Arctic Data Center (via DataONE) Antarctic Brigham ENVELOPE(162.300,162.300,-77.117,-77.117) Kongsvegen ENVELOPE(12.657,12.657,78.854,78.854) Kronebreen ENVELOPE(13.333,13.333,78.833,78.833) Norway Ny-Ålesund Svalbard ENVELOPE(11.64,13.34,79.016,78.833) |