The Roosevelt Community Development Study, Number 14, Volume 3: Paleobiological and Osteological Analyses

• Format: Dataset
• Language: unknown
• Published: the Digital Archaeological Record
• Subjects: Ancestral Puebloan; Hohokam; Salado; Data Recovery / Excavation; Eagle Ridge; Hedge Apple; Meddler Point; Griffin Wash; Pyramid Point; AZ V:5:4 (ASM); AZ V:5:90 (ASM); AZ V:5:91 (ASM); AZ V:5:92 (ASM); AZ V:5:93 (ASM); AZ V:5:94 (ASM); AZ V:5:95 (ASM); AZ V:5:96 (ASM); AZ V:5:97 (ASM); AZ V:5:98 (ASM); AZ V:5:99 (ASM); AZ V:5:100 (ASM); AZ V:5:101 (ASM); AZ V:5:103 (ASM); AZ V:5:104 (ASM); AZ V:5:105 (ASM); AZ V:5:106 (ASM); AZ V:5:107 (ASM); AZ V:5:110 (ASM); AZ V:5:122 (ASM); AZ V:5:123 (ASM); AZ V:5:176 (ASM); AZ V:5:177 (ASM); AZ V:5:178 (ASM); AZ V:5:189 (ASM); AZ V:5:1 (ASM); AZ V:5:131 (ASM); Procupine; Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex; Settlements; Hamlet / Village; Domestic Structures; Room Block / Compound / Pueblo; Platform Mound; Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features; Agricultural or Herding; Funerary and Burial Structures or Features; Cemetery; Pueblo; Compound; Farmstead; Cremation; Inhumation; Masonry Pueblo; Room Block; Room; Masonry Compound; Hamlet; Masonry Room; Adult Cremation; Infant Cremation; Subadult Cremation; Ceramic; Chipped Stone; Fauna; Human Remains; Macrobotanical; Pollen; Shell; Wood; Bone; Corn; Ash; Bighorn Sheep; Fish; Deer; Grass; Euphorbia sp.; Black-on-Whiteware; Buffware; Casa Grande Red-on-Buffware; Cibola Black-on-Whiteware; Gila Butte Red-on-Buffware; Agave; Artiodactyl; Cotton; Lagomorpha; Carnivora; Artiodactyla; Bird; Aves; Hawk; Agave sp.; Amaranthus sp.; Amaranth; Century Plant; Chenopodium sp.; Cruciferae; Gramineae; Maize; Leguminosae; Malvaceae; Globe Mallow; Bos taurus; Cottonwood; Neotoma sp.; Odocoileus sp.; Cow; Canis sp.; Juniper; Cucurbita pepo; Common Bean; Cheno-Am; Astragalus sp.; Erodium sp.; Amphibian; Bufo cognatus; Great Plains Toad; Geococcyx californianus; Gambel's Quail; Lagomorph; Lepus californicus; Black-tailed Jackrabbit; Dipodomys sp.; Kangaroo Rat; Neotoma albigula; Carnivore; Dog; Coyote; Canis familiaris; Gray Fox; Bobcat; Odocoileus virginianus; Low Spine Compositae; High Spine Compositae; Liguliflorae; Artemisia sp.; Boerhaavia sp.; Kallstroemia sp.; Onagraceae; Eriogonum sp.; Gilia sp.; Liliaceae; Caryophyllaceae; Cylindropuntia; Cereus sp.; Larrea sp.; Hoffmanseggia sp.; Cercidium sp.; Acacia sp.; Canotia sp.; Anacardiaceae; Ephedra sp.; Abies sp.; Juniperus sp.; Celtis sp.; Frazinus sp.; Alnus sp.; Cucurbita sp.; Gossypium sp.; Bursage; Dandelion; Chenopod; Arizona Poppy; Evening Primrose; Filaree; Heron Bill; Indian Wheat; Mustard; Lily; Cholla; Hedgehog Cactus; Creosotebush; Hog Potato; Mesquite; Acacia; Jojoba; Crucifixion Thorn; Cashew; Mormon Tea; Fir; Oak; Hackberry; Alder; Cattail; Grain; Jack Bean; Canavalia ensiformis; Gossypium hirsutum; Canavalia sp.; Little Barley; Groundcherry; Hordeum pusillum; Locoweed; Goosefoot; Arrowweed; Baccharis sp.; Descurainia sp.; Indian Buckwheat; Mallow; Clammy Weed; Knotweed; Chia; False Purslane; Carrot; Inkweed; Bentgrass; Grama Grass; Bromegrass; Lovegrass; Maygrass; Dropseed Grass; Chamaesyce sp.; Apiaceae; Cyperaceae; Atriplex sp.; Agrostis sp.; Muhlenbergia sp.; Bouleloua sp.; Bromus sp.; Eragrostis sp.; Elymus sp.; Carnegiea gigantea; Cereus gigantea; Echinocactus sp.; Opuntia sp.; Fishhook Cactus; Legume; Catclaw Acacia; Banana Yucca; Common Reed; Mammalaria sp.; Fabaceae; Acacua greggii; Celtis reticulata; Juglans major; Desert Willow; Desert Broom; Creosote; Greythorn; Manzanita; Douglas Fir; Land Snail; Chilopsis linearis; Canotia holacantha; Larrea tridentata; Larrea divaricata; Condalia sp.; Abies concolor; Arctostaphylos sp.; Fraximus velutina; Fraximus pennsylvanica; Garrya wrightii; Gastrocopta pellucida; Hawaiia miniscula; Aquatic Snail; Ostracode; Algal Spore; Helisoma tenue; Ostracoda; Chara sp.; Cottonttail; Desert Cottontail; Ground Squirrel; Harris Antelope Squirrel; Botta's Pocket Gopher; Beaver; Cotton Rat; Muskrat; Ammospermophilus sp.; Ammospermophilus harrisii; Castor canadensis; Ondatra zibethicus; Domestic Dog; Gray Wolf; Canis latrans; Canis lupus; Lutra canadensis; Felis rufus; Osteichthyes; Minnow; Bonytail Chub; Colorado Squawfish; Cyprinidae; Gila elegans; Gila Coarse-Scaled Sucker; Desert-Mountain Sucker; Catostomidae; Catostomus insignis; Catostomus sp.; Catostomus clarki; Colorado River Toad; Amphibia; Bufo alvarius; Desert Tortoise; Kinosternon sonoriense; Gopherus agassizi; Lizard; Collared Lizard; Horned Lizard; Colubrid; Gopher Snake; Crotaphytus collaris; Colubridae; Crotalus sp.; Grebe; Eagle; Accipitrid; Accipitridae; Buteo jamicensis; Gallinaceous Bird; Galliformes; Callipepla sp.; Callipepla squamata; Callipepla gambelii; Dove; Mourning Dove; Columbiformes; Columbidae; Macaw; Ara sp.; Great Horned Owl; Cuculiformes; Cuculidae; Bubo virginianus; Mimidae; Awl; Tube; Needle; Bone Awl; Projectile Point; Jewelry; Worked Bone; Flotation Sample; Gaming Piece; Seed; Corrugated Ware; Feces; Fiber; Whistle; Ceramic Bowl; Pitcher; Bean; Bone Whistle; Stone Bowl; Cupule; Bone Tube; Bone Needle; Vessel; Bowl; Palette; Ring; Jar; Charcoal; Bone Hairpin; Figurine; Shell Jewelry; Bone (Human); Long Bone (Human); Mandible (Human); McDonald Corrugated Ware; Bone (Animal); Vertebra (Human); Ceramic Jar; Bone Ring; Tibia (Human); Incisor (Human); Molar (Human); Femur (Human); Premolar (Human); Canine (Human); Worked antler; Phalange (Human); Termite Feces; RCD; Roosevelt Community Development Study; Censer; Rind (Squash); Rind (Cucurbita sp.); Seed (Squash); Seed (Cucurbita pepo); Rind; Cupule (Maize); Cupule (Zea mays); Kernel (Maize); Kernel (Zea mays); Stalk (Maize); Stalk (Zea mays); Stalk; Kernel; Shank; Shank (Maize); Shank (Zea mays); Epidermis (Agave); Fiber (Agave); Heart (Agave); Leaf (Agave); Stalk (Agave); Thorn (Agave); Spine (Agave); Leaf; Thorn; Spine; Stem (Grass); Stem; Stem (Poaceae); Bud (Cholla); Bud (Opuntia sp.); Epidermis (Agave sp.); Fiber (Agave sp.); Heart (Agave sp.); Leaf (Agave sp.); Stalk (Agave sp.); Thorn (Agave sp.); Spine (Agave sp.); Seed (Cholla); Seed (Opuntia sp.); Seed (Mesquite); Seed (Prosopis velutina); Pod (Prosopis velutina); Pod (Mesquite); Pod; Seed (Banana Yucca); Seed (Yuccca baccata); Shell (Walnut); Shell (Juglans major); Branch; Branch (Mesquite); Branch (Prosopis velutina); Root (Mesquite); Root (Prosopis velutina); Root; Pellet; Rat Pellet; Insect Part; Hairpin; Antler Flaker; Worked Long Bone; Rasp; Bone Rasp; Bone Gaming Piece; Turtle Shell Artifact; Stone Jewelry; Ceramic Censer; Stone Censer; Ceramic Pitcher; Skull (Human); Rib (Human); Radius (Human); Humerus (Human); Anterior Tooth Root (Human); Molar Root (Human); Tooth Root (Human); Third Molar Root (Human); Scapula (Human); Innominate (Human); Tarsal (Human); Lower Incisor (Human); Anterior Tooth (Human); Tooth (Human); Carpal (Human); Auditory Meatus (Human); Thoracic Vertebra (Human); Deciduous Molar (Human); Third Molar (Human); Posterior Tooth Crown (Human); Tooth Crown (Human); Mastoid (Human); Upper Vertebra (Human); Upper Second Incisor (Human); Lower Third Molar (Human); Temporal (Human); Lunate (Human); Clavicle (Human); Cervical Vertebra (Human); Epiphysis (Human); Deciduous Tooth (Human); Occipital (Human); Ulna (Human); Metatarsal (Human); Axis (Human); Lumbar (Human); Sacral Body (Human); Talus (Human); Indian; Pyramid; Larrea; Salt River; Roosevelt Lake; gray wolf
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.6067:XCV8R21382_meta$v=1525708300658

The Roosevelt Community Development Study (RCD) involved the testing and excavation of 27 sites in the Lower Tonto Basin of central Arizona. This is one of three related data recovery projects undertaken in the Tonto Basin for the Bureau of Reclamation prior to the raising of the Roosevelt Lake dam. The results of the RCD project are presented in four Anthropological Papers of the Center for Desert Archaeology: Anthropological Papers No. 12 is the research design; Anthropological Papers No. 13 (two volumes) contains background information and the site descriptions; Anthropological Papers No. 14 (three volumes) includes the artifact and environmental analyses; and Anthropological Papers No. 15 presents the synthesis and conclusions. The project was situated within the Tonto National Forest and covered a four-mile, continuous area along the north bank of the Salt River. Sites within the project area exhibited a great range of functional, temporal, and, possibly, cultural diversity. These included two sites with platform mounds (the Meddler Point and Pyramid Point sites); a 10Q-room masonry pueblo (the Griffin Wash site); smaller masonry compounds (e.g., the Porcupine site); and pithouse hamlets and farmsteads (e.g., the Hedge Apple and Eagle Ridge sites). Temporal components ranged from the Early Ceramic period (A.D. 100-600), at Locus B of the Eagle Ridge site, through the Roosevelt phase (A.D. 1250-1350) of the Classic period. The Early Ceramic component of the Eagle Ridge site is now the earliest documented ceramic period site in the Tonto Basin and provides definitive evidence for an indigenous ceramic-using population. The project area was inhabited most intensively during the Roosevelt phase, when platform mounds, pueblo room blocks, and small masonry compounds were occupied. Architectural and artifact variability suggest the presence of several different cultural groups co-residing in the Tonto Basin at this time, and migration is believed to have been a significant process in Tonto Basin prehistory. The RCD project area was largely abandoned by A.D. 1325, prior to the large-scale aggregation that occurred during the Gila phase; very few Gila Polychrome sherds were recovered from project area sites. The mandate of the RCD project, as spedfied by the Bureau of Reclamation, was to investigate the temporal and developmental sequence of the prehistoric populations within this area. To meet these goals, six sites were intensively examined through full-scale excavation, and an extensive data set was gathered from the remaining 21 sites. The three volumes in Anthropological Papers No. 14 contain the artifact and environmental analyses. More than 150,000 artifacts were recovered from the RCD excavations. This volume (Volume 3) presents the paleobotanical and osteological data. Included are analyses of the pollen (Chapter 18), flotation (Chapter 19), faunal (Chapter 20), and mortuary (Chapter 21) assemblages. Data from the subsistence analyses are combined and synthesized in Chapter 22. Volume 1 of Anthropological Papers No. 14 presents the analyses of the chipped stone, ground stone, jewelry and personal ornament, and shell assemblages. The ceramic artifact assemblage is examined in Volume 2 More spedfic information on the individual sites and the project background can be found in Anthropological Papers No. 13. Anthropological Papers No. 15 integrates and synthesizes these data to provide a more inclusive view of the prehistoric occupation of the RCD project area and the Tonto Basin.