Ice-Marginal Delta Formation and Sedimentary Processes Of Kongsvegen Glacier in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Norway, 2006

• Main Author: Ryan M. Cumpston
• Format: Dataset
• Language: unknown
• Published: Arctic Data Center 2013
• Subjects: EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENTS; EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE; EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE; EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > LAKE LEVELS; EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > LAND RECORDS > SEDIMENTS; EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > SEDIMENTS; EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > VARVE DEPOSITS; EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > DEGRADATION; EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE; EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE SEDIMENTS > SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE SEDIMENTS > TURBIDITY; EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > LAND TEMPERATURE > LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > ENTRAINMENT; EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIERS; EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIERS; EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENTATION; EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > FROZEN GROUND > SOIL TEMPERATURE; EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > FROZEN GROUND > PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES; EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SUSPENDED SOLIDS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > SAMPLERS > GRABBERS/TRAPS/COLLECTORS > SEDIMENT TRAPS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CORERS > SEDIMENT CORERS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CONDUCTIVITY SENSORS > CONDUCTIVITY METERS; EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > PHOTON/OPTICAL DETECTORS > CAMERAS > CAMERAS; EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > PROFILERS/SOUNDERS > TEMPERATURE PROFILERS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > RECORDERS/LOGGERS > TEMPERATURE LOGGERS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > GAUGES > STREAM GAUGES; EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > POSITIONING/NAVIGATION > GPS > GPS > GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING > PROFILERS/SOUNDERS > ACOUSTIC SOUNDERS > ECHO SOUNDERS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > PROBES > PROBES; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CORERS > CORING DEVICES; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > PROBES > STEEL MEASURING TAPE; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CURRENT/WIND METERS > CURRENT METERS; MANNED FIELD STATION; HOURLY TO DAILY; DAILY TO WEEKLY; ANNUAL; 1 MINUTE TO 1 HOUR; MONTHLY TO ANNUAL; WEEKLY TO MONTHLY; inlandWaters; oceans; environment; climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere; Antarctic; Svalbard; Ny-Ålesund; Norway; Jan Mayen; Brigham; Kronebreen; Kongsvegen; Antarc*; glacier; Ice Sheet; Kongsfjord*; Kongsfjorden; North Atlantic; Ny Ålesund; Tidewater
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.18739/A2WS8HK4Z

Over the last ca. 15 years, the southeastern portion of Kongsvegen glacier has retreated back onto land and an ice-marginal delta has formed at its terminus. The delta has an annual growth rate of 6.0x105 m3 a-1, determined from bathymetric profiling and aerial photos taken inbound and outbound of Ny Ålesund. Sedimentation in Kongsfjorden, where the subglacial derived meltwater stream discharges after flowing over the delta, were recorded, from sediment traps located at the given distances, as 7.5 ± 1.6 g cm-2 a-1 (69.4 mm a-1 vertical thickness) at 204m in fjord from the source, and 9.19 ± 4.4 g cm-2 a-1 (85.5 mm a-1) at 1193 m from the delta source. The higher value with distal location being attributed to the influx of sediment from a submarine, subglacial meltwater discharge plume from Kronebreen glacier ~2.5 km north of the newly formed delta (Trusel et al., 2006). Sedimentary processes, observed in CTD (conductivity, temperature, depth) profiles, strongly resemble those characteristics of Alaskan glaciers in the temperate environment, including settling sediment layers, interflows, and turbidity flows. These structures are also recorded in both gravity and box cores by sedimentary core logging, magnetic susceptibility, core x-rays, and mineralogical and sediment size distribution histogram differences. Erosive efficiency and transportation of sediment of Svalbard’s polythermal glaciers, in the subpolar environment, are intermediately between Alaskan warm-based, temperate environment, and Antarctic cold-based, polar environment, glaciers. The sedimentation rate of glaciers in Svalbard is one order of magnitude above Antarctic glaciers, and one order of magnitude below Alaskan tidewater glaciers. See also Trusel, L.D., Powell, R.D., Cumpston, R.M., and Brigham-Grette, J., 2010, Modern glacimarine processes and potential future behaviour of Kronebreen and Kongsvegen polythermal tidewater glaciers, Kongsfjorden, Svalbard: Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 344, p. 89–102, doi: 10.1144/SP344.9.