Using Clay Mineralogy to Analyze Sediment Sources, Kronebreen and Kongsvegen Glaciers, Svalbard, Norway, 2012
Svalbard is a Norwegian island archipelago located at 79°N whose glaciers are highly susceptible to climate fluctuations. Glaciers located in Svalbard sit between warm water from the south and cold polar water from the north. This position increases their sensitivity to climate fluctuations. Due to...
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Arctic Data Center
2013
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.18739/A2T14TP0C |
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dataone:doi:10.18739/A2T14TP0C |
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openpolar |
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Open Polar |
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Arctic Data Center (via DataONE) |
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EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > LAKE LEVELS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > LAND RECORDS > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > VARVE DEPOSITS EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > DEGRADATION EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENT TRANSPORT EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE SEDIMENTS > SEDIMENT TRANSPORT EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE SEDIMENTS > TURBIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > LAND TEMPERATURE > LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > ENTRAINMENT EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIERS EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIERS EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENTATION EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > FROZEN GROUND > SOIL TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > FROZEN GROUND > PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SUSPENDED SOLIDS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > SAMPLERS > GRABBERS/TRAPS/COLLECTORS > SEDIMENT TRAPS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CORERS > SEDIMENT CORERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CONDUCTIVITY SENSORS > CONDUCTIVITY METERS EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > PHOTON/OPTICAL DETECTORS > CAMERAS > CAMERAS EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > PROFILERS/SOUNDERS > TEMPERATURE PROFILERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > RECORDERS/LOGGERS > TEMPERATURE LOGGERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > GAUGES > STREAM GAUGES EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > POSITIONING/NAVIGATION > GPS > GPS > GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING > PROFILERS/SOUNDERS > ACOUSTIC SOUNDERS > ECHO SOUNDERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > PROBES > PROBES IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CORERS > CORING DEVICES IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > PROBES > STEEL MEASURING TAPE IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CURRENT/WIND METERS > CURRENT METERS MANNED FIELD STATION HOURLY TO DAILY DAILY TO WEEKLY ANNUAL 1 MINUTE TO 1 HOUR MONTHLY TO ANNUAL WEEKLY TO MONTHLY inlandWaters oceans environment climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere |
spellingShingle |
EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > LAKE LEVELS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > LAND RECORDS > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > VARVE DEPOSITS EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > DEGRADATION EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENT TRANSPORT EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE SEDIMENTS > SEDIMENT TRANSPORT EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE SEDIMENTS > TURBIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > LAND TEMPERATURE > LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > ENTRAINMENT EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIERS EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIERS EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENTATION EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > FROZEN GROUND > SOIL TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > FROZEN GROUND > PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SUSPENDED SOLIDS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > SAMPLERS > GRABBERS/TRAPS/COLLECTORS > SEDIMENT TRAPS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CORERS > SEDIMENT CORERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CONDUCTIVITY SENSORS > CONDUCTIVITY METERS EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > PHOTON/OPTICAL DETECTORS > CAMERAS > CAMERAS EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > PROFILERS/SOUNDERS > TEMPERATURE PROFILERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > RECORDERS/LOGGERS > TEMPERATURE LOGGERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > GAUGES > STREAM GAUGES EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > POSITIONING/NAVIGATION > GPS > GPS > GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING > PROFILERS/SOUNDERS > ACOUSTIC SOUNDERS > ECHO SOUNDERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > PROBES > PROBES IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CORERS > CORING DEVICES IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > PROBES > STEEL MEASURING TAPE IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CURRENT/WIND METERS > CURRENT METERS MANNED FIELD STATION HOURLY TO DAILY DAILY TO WEEKLY ANNUAL 1 MINUTE TO 1 HOUR MONTHLY TO ANNUAL WEEKLY TO MONTHLY inlandWaters oceans environment climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere Elizabeth Grayce Ceperley Using Clay Mineralogy to Analyze Sediment Sources, Kronebreen and Kongsvegen Glaciers, Svalbard, Norway, 2012 |
topic_facet |
EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > LAKE LEVELS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > LAND RECORDS > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > VARVE DEPOSITS EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > DEGRADATION EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENT TRANSPORT EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE SEDIMENTS > SEDIMENT TRANSPORT EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE SEDIMENTS > TURBIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > LAND TEMPERATURE > LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > ENTRAINMENT EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIERS EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIERS EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENTATION EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > FROZEN GROUND > SOIL TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > FROZEN GROUND > PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SUSPENDED SOLIDS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > SAMPLERS > GRABBERS/TRAPS/COLLECTORS > SEDIMENT TRAPS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CORERS > SEDIMENT CORERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CONDUCTIVITY SENSORS > CONDUCTIVITY METERS EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > PHOTON/OPTICAL DETECTORS > CAMERAS > CAMERAS EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > PROFILERS/SOUNDERS > TEMPERATURE PROFILERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > RECORDERS/LOGGERS > TEMPERATURE LOGGERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > GAUGES > STREAM GAUGES EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > POSITIONING/NAVIGATION > GPS > GPS > GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING > PROFILERS/SOUNDERS > ACOUSTIC SOUNDERS > ECHO SOUNDERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > PROBES > PROBES IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CORERS > CORING DEVICES IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > PROBES > STEEL MEASURING TAPE IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CURRENT/WIND METERS > CURRENT METERS MANNED FIELD STATION HOURLY TO DAILY DAILY TO WEEKLY ANNUAL 1 MINUTE TO 1 HOUR MONTHLY TO ANNUAL WEEKLY TO MONTHLY inlandWaters oceans environment climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere |
description |
Svalbard is a Norwegian island archipelago located at 79°N whose glaciers are highly susceptible to climate fluctuations. Glaciers located in Svalbard sit between warm water from the south and cold polar water from the north. This position increases their sensitivity to climate fluctuations. Due to amplified and continuous climatic warming at high latitudes, the glaciers of Svalbard are prime subjects for understanding not only glacial dynamics, but also the effects of contemporary climate change. Tidewater glaciers are dynamic systems, with ice retreating and glacial and subglacial streams continuously shifting. An understanding the current spatial distribution of sediment sources will aid in interpreting sediment core data. From this we can infer former climactic and environmental conditions. Kongsfjorden is a 15 km long fjord located in northwest Svalbard, with the glaciers of Kronebreen and Kongsvegen forming the head of the fjord. There are two main sediment sources that discharge sediment rich water into the fjord: a subglacial stream that forms an upwelling plume at the calving margin, and a glacial stream that forms a prograding delta complex from the southern margin of Kongsvegen glacier. This project aims to characterize these sediment sources based on the clay mineralogy found in the samples and to map their spatial distribution in the fjord. Sediment from the sediment sources was collected using water samples and vacuum filtering the water in order to catch the sediment. Sediment from the fjord floor was collected using an Eckman box-corer attached to a wire and winch system. Twenty-nine samples were collected, dried, and sieved to separate the silt and clay fraction from the coarser sediment. Using X-ray diffraction, the clay mineralogy of the samples was found to be composed primarily of illite and chlorite. The 001 diffraction peak of chlorite is not visible in several samples. Chlorite is commonly found in metamorphic rocks, which are present as a bedrock source underneath Kronebreen glacier, but not Kongsvegen. The absence of the 001 chlorite peak could be due to sample preparation or a weaker concentration of chlorite in those samples. Overall, the sediment in front of the calving margin of the Kronebreen and Kongsvegen glacier complex is well mixed and the sediment distributed by the upwelling plume and Kongsvegen Delta are not differentiable in the box cores samples |
format |
Dataset |
author |
Elizabeth Grayce Ceperley |
author_facet |
Elizabeth Grayce Ceperley |
author_sort |
Elizabeth Grayce Ceperley |
title |
Using Clay Mineralogy to Analyze Sediment Sources, Kronebreen and Kongsvegen Glaciers, Svalbard, Norway, 2012 |
title_short |
Using Clay Mineralogy to Analyze Sediment Sources, Kronebreen and Kongsvegen Glaciers, Svalbard, Norway, 2012 |
title_full |
Using Clay Mineralogy to Analyze Sediment Sources, Kronebreen and Kongsvegen Glaciers, Svalbard, Norway, 2012 |
title_fullStr |
Using Clay Mineralogy to Analyze Sediment Sources, Kronebreen and Kongsvegen Glaciers, Svalbard, Norway, 2012 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Using Clay Mineralogy to Analyze Sediment Sources, Kronebreen and Kongsvegen Glaciers, Svalbard, Norway, 2012 |
title_sort |
using clay mineralogy to analyze sediment sources, kronebreen and kongsvegen glaciers, svalbard, norway, 2012 |
publisher |
Arctic Data Center |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.18739/A2T14TP0C |
op_coverage |
ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > SVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN ENVELOPE(11.64,13.34,79.016,78.833) |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(20.000,20.000,78.000,78.000) ENVELOPE(13.333,13.333,78.833,78.833) ENVELOPE(12.657,12.657,78.854,78.854) ENVELOPE(78.333,78.333,-68.500,-68.500) ENVELOPE(11.64,13.34,79.016,78.833) |
geographic |
Svalbard Norway Jan Mayen Svalbard Kronebreen Kongsvegen Long Fjord |
geographic_facet |
Svalbard Norway Jan Mayen Svalbard Kronebreen Kongsvegen Long Fjord |
genre |
glacier glacier Ice Sheet Jan Mayen Kongsfjord* Kongsfjorden North Atlantic Svalbard Tidewater |
genre_facet |
glacier glacier Ice Sheet Jan Mayen Kongsfjord* Kongsfjorden North Atlantic Svalbard Tidewater |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.18739/A2T14TP0C |
_version_ |
1800872019555778560 |
spelling |
dataone:doi:10.18739/A2T14TP0C 2024-06-03T18:46:51+00:00 Using Clay Mineralogy to Analyze Sediment Sources, Kronebreen and Kongsvegen Glaciers, Svalbard, Norway, 2012 Elizabeth Grayce Ceperley ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > SVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN ENVELOPE(11.64,13.34,79.016,78.833) 2013-11-08T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.18739/A2T14TP0C unknown Arctic Data Center EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > LAKE LEVELS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > LAND RECORDS > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS > VARVE DEPOSITS EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > DEGRADATION EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENT TRANSPORT EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE SEDIMENTS > SEDIMENT TRANSPORT EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE SEDIMENTS > TURBIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > LAND TEMPERATURE > LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > ENTRAINMENT EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIERS EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIERS EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SEDIMENTATION EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > FROZEN GROUND > SOIL TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > FROZEN GROUND > PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SUSPENDED SOLIDS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > SAMPLERS > GRABBERS/TRAPS/COLLECTORS > SEDIMENT TRAPS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CORERS > SEDIMENT CORERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CONDUCTIVITY SENSORS > CONDUCTIVITY METERS EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > PHOTON/OPTICAL DETECTORS > CAMERAS > CAMERAS EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > PROFILERS/SOUNDERS > TEMPERATURE PROFILERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > RECORDERS/LOGGERS > TEMPERATURE LOGGERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > GAUGES > STREAM GAUGES EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING > POSITIONING/NAVIGATION > GPS > GPS > GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING > PROFILERS/SOUNDERS > ACOUSTIC SOUNDERS > ECHO SOUNDERS IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > PROBES > PROBES IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CORERS > CORING DEVICES IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > PROBES > STEEL MEASURING TAPE IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS > CURRENT/WIND METERS > CURRENT METERS MANNED FIELD STATION HOURLY TO DAILY DAILY TO WEEKLY ANNUAL 1 MINUTE TO 1 HOUR MONTHLY TO ANNUAL WEEKLY TO MONTHLY inlandWaters oceans environment climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere Dataset 2013 dataone:urn:node:ARCTIC https://doi.org/10.18739/A2T14TP0C 2024-06-03T18:11:09Z Svalbard is a Norwegian island archipelago located at 79°N whose glaciers are highly susceptible to climate fluctuations. Glaciers located in Svalbard sit between warm water from the south and cold polar water from the north. This position increases their sensitivity to climate fluctuations. Due to amplified and continuous climatic warming at high latitudes, the glaciers of Svalbard are prime subjects for understanding not only glacial dynamics, but also the effects of contemporary climate change. Tidewater glaciers are dynamic systems, with ice retreating and glacial and subglacial streams continuously shifting. An understanding the current spatial distribution of sediment sources will aid in interpreting sediment core data. From this we can infer former climactic and environmental conditions. Kongsfjorden is a 15 km long fjord located in northwest Svalbard, with the glaciers of Kronebreen and Kongsvegen forming the head of the fjord. There are two main sediment sources that discharge sediment rich water into the fjord: a subglacial stream that forms an upwelling plume at the calving margin, and a glacial stream that forms a prograding delta complex from the southern margin of Kongsvegen glacier. This project aims to characterize these sediment sources based on the clay mineralogy found in the samples and to map their spatial distribution in the fjord. Sediment from the sediment sources was collected using water samples and vacuum filtering the water in order to catch the sediment. Sediment from the fjord floor was collected using an Eckman box-corer attached to a wire and winch system. Twenty-nine samples were collected, dried, and sieved to separate the silt and clay fraction from the coarser sediment. Using X-ray diffraction, the clay mineralogy of the samples was found to be composed primarily of illite and chlorite. The 001 diffraction peak of chlorite is not visible in several samples. Chlorite is commonly found in metamorphic rocks, which are present as a bedrock source underneath Kronebreen glacier, but not Kongsvegen. The absence of the 001 chlorite peak could be due to sample preparation or a weaker concentration of chlorite in those samples. Overall, the sediment in front of the calving margin of the Kronebreen and Kongsvegen glacier complex is well mixed and the sediment distributed by the upwelling plume and Kongsvegen Delta are not differentiable in the box cores samples Dataset glacier glacier Ice Sheet Jan Mayen Kongsfjord* Kongsfjorden North Atlantic Svalbard Tidewater Arctic Data Center (via DataONE) Svalbard Norway Jan Mayen Svalbard ENVELOPE(20.000,20.000,78.000,78.000) Kronebreen ENVELOPE(13.333,13.333,78.833,78.833) Kongsvegen ENVELOPE(12.657,12.657,78.854,78.854) Long Fjord ENVELOPE(78.333,78.333,-68.500,-68.500) ENVELOPE(11.64,13.34,79.016,78.833) |