| Summary: | This project comprises an integrated research, education, and outreach program that implemented a tiered mentoring approach to provide experience in Arctic climate research for scholars from high school to postdoctoral level. The project generated opportunities for independent climate research appropriate to a range of student skillsets and interests. Education and outreach integrated with Yale University's Pathways to Science infrastructure: high school students (underrepresented minorities, and first generation in their families to attend college) were introduced to Arctic climate science through lectures and laboratory demonstrations, while graduate students received teaching and mentoring experience. Other outreach activities included an interdisciplinary, international workshop (Culture and Climate in the Arctic) on an integrated examination of Arctic anthropology, and past and contemporary Arctic climate, as well as tutorial presentations and development of laboratory demonstrations for the NSF Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS) school for researchers new to the Arctic. The research explored Arctic Ocean dynamics and thermodynamics as they relate to sea ice and climate. A range of ocean processes (e.g., turbulence, convection, waves, ventilation) related to heat transport and storage in the Arctic Ocean deep basins (Canadian and Eurasian) were investigated. Analyses used Beaufort Gyre Observing System mooring and CTD data and Ice-Tethered Profiler CTD data, which are archived at this data center with the following citations: John Toole, Richard Krishfield, and Michael DeGrandpre. 2018. Ice-Tethered Profiler contribution to the Arctic Observing Network. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2VC60, version: urn:uuid:2bb716a2-35dc-400a-9c4a-9db9a7a03cb4. Andrey Proshutinsky, Mary-Louise Timmermans, John Toole, and Richard Krishfield. 2019. Continuing the Beaufort Gyre Observing System to document and enhance understanding environmental change in the Arctic, 2009-2018. Arctic Data Center. urn:uuid:19c12630-0dc1-401d-a0d8-aadf031f6ee4. Richard Krishfield and Andrey Proshutinsky. 2019. Hydrographic CCGS (Canadian Coast Guard Ship) Louis Stephen Saint Laurent Arctic cruise CTD (conductivity, temperature, and depth) and geochemistry, 2018. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2FB4WM00. Richard Krishfield and Andrey Proshutinsky. 2019. Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project - Mooring D 2017-2018. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2K35MD44. Richard Krishfield and Andrey Proshutinsky. 2019. Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project - Mooring B 2017-2018. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2PV6B67G. Richard Krishfield and Andrey Proshutinsky. 2019. Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project - Mooring A 2017-2018. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2TH8BM9C. Richard Krishfield and Andrey Proshutinsky. 2018. Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project - Mooring A 2016-2017. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A21N7XM6T. Andrey Proshutinsky. 2016. Hydrographic CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent Cruise CTD and Geochemistry Data 2015. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2154DN82. Richard Krishfield and Andrey Proshutinsky. 2018. Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project - Mooring D 2016-2017. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2XD0QX2F. Richard Krishfield and Andrey Proshutinsky. 2018. Hydrographic CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent Cruise CTD and Geochemistry Data 2017. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2PC2T80F. Richard Krishfield and Andrey Proshutinsky. 2018. Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project - Mooring B 2016-2017. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2XS5JG5P. Andrey Proshutinsky. 2009. The Beaufort Gyre System: Flywheel of the Arctic Climate?. Arctic Data Center. urn:uuid:4cafe16b-b91b-4ea0-9cb0-6a8fb8eb4525. Mary-Louise Timmermans and Andrey Proshutinsky. 2015. Observing and characterizing submesoscale dynamics in the Arctic Ocean. Arctic Data Center. urn:uuid:67556c02-75c9-43df-9929-8152b5c26b51. Andrey Proshutinsky. 2009. Beaufort Gyre Observing System Data (BGOSD). Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2H016.
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