National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Calcification Rates of Crustose Coralline Algae Derived from Calcification Accretion Units (CAUs) Deployed across American Samoa in 2012 and Retrieved in 2015 (NCEI Accession 0159149)

• Main Authors: Thomas Oliver, Nichole N. Price, Todd R. Martz, Jennifer E. Smith, Russell E. Brainard
• Format: Dataset
• Language: unknown
• Published: NOAA NCEI Environmental Data Archive 2017
• Subjects: DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NODC > National Oceanographic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce; DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce; DOC/NOAA/NMFS > National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce; 0159149; 159149; CALCIFICATION; laboratory analysis; laboratory analyses; HI'IALAKAI; US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Ecosystem Sciences Division; Coral Reef Ecosystem Program; Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP); CORAL REEF STUDIES; National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP); Pacific Reef and Assessment Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP); US DOC; NOAA; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; Ocean Acidification Program (OAP); Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary; National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa; Rose Atoll Marine National Monument; South Pacific Ocean; oceanography; 1221; 409; 587; 743; C204 Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP): Biennial monitoring for the US Pacific Islands and Atolls; Ocean Acidification - Quantification of Calcification and Accretion Rates of Corals and Crustose Coralline Algae across the Pacific Ocean; Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program: Monitoring coral reef ecosystems of the US Pacific Islands and Atolls; CRED; CREP; Coral Reef Ecosystem Division; Coral Reef Ecosystem Program; PIFSC; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; RAMP; Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program>; Numeric Data Sets > Calcification Rate; EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat; EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Algal Cover; EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Algal Growth > Calcification Rate; EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Calcareous Macroalgae; EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Crustose Coralline Algae; EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Encrusting Macroalgae; EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Fleshy Macroalgae; EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Reef Monitoring and Assessment; EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Calcification Accretion Unit (CAU); EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment; EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs; EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Calcification; EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Carbonate Chemistry; EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Ocean Acidification; Calcification Plate; Ocean Acidification; Settling Plate; Triennial; SHIPS; COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000); COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > Ofu Island (14S169W0013); COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > Olosega Island (14S169W0014); COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > Rose Atoll (14S168W0001); COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > Swains Atoll (11S171W0001); COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > Ta'u Island (14S169W0012); COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > Tutuila Island (14S170W0016); COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > Ofu Island > Ofu (14S169W0002); COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > Olosega Island > Olosega (14S169W0016); OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000); OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > Rose Atoll (14S168W0001); OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > Swains Atoll (11S171W0001); OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > Tutuila Island (14S170W0016); OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Manu'a Group > Ofu (14S169W0002); OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Manu'a Group > Ofu Island (14S169W0013); OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Manu'a Group > Olosega (14S169W0016); OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Manu'a Group > Olosega Island (14S169W0014); OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Manu'a Group > Ta'u Island (14S169W0012); OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN; OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN > POLYNESIA > SAMOA; Pacific; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://search.dataone.org/view/{0D99B436-6D89-499F-95BE-D9C0DCDC4656}

Calcification accretion units, or CAUs, are used to assess the current effects of changes in seawater carbonate chemistry on calcification and accretion rates of calcareous and fleshy algae in the Hawaiian and Mariana Archipelagos, American Samoa, and the Pacific Remote Island Areas as part of the NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP). Laboratory experiments reveal calcification rates of crustose coralline algae (CCA) are strongly correlated to seawater aragonite saturation state. Predictions of reduced coral calcification rates, due to ocean acidification, suggest that coral reef communities will undergo ecological phase shifts as calcifying organisms are negatively impacted by changing seawater chemistry. Deployed on the seafloor for a period of time, CAUs allow for recruitment and colonization of CCA and hard corals. By measuring the change in weight of the CAUs, the reef carbonate accretion rate can be calculated for that time period. Monitoring net accretion over successive deployments allows for the detection of changes in calcification rates over time. The calcification rate data described here are from CAUs that have been retrieved and replaced at existing, long-term monitoring sites during NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) led NCRMP missions around American Samoa in 2015, in accordance with protocols developed by Price et al. 2012. There are typically (but not always) five CAU sites established at each location CREP visits with five units deployed at each site. CAUs are composed of two 10 x 10 cm flat, square, gray PVC plates, stacked 1 cm apart, and are attached to the benthos using stainless steel threaded rods. Calcareous organisms, primarily crustose coralline algae and encrusting corals, recruit to these plates and accrete/calcify carbonate skeletons over 2-3 year deployments. Due to the simple, low-cost design and analysis, statistically robust numbers of calcification plates can easily be deployed, recovered, and processed to provide estimates of net calcification. This study provides information about spatial patterns of algal calcification and accretion rates and serves as a basis for detecting changes associated with changing seawater chemistry due to ocean acidification. In conjunction with benthic community composition data (separate NCRMP dataset), the calcification rates will aid in determining the magnitude of how ocean acidification affects coral reefs in the natural environment. Analysis of these data will expand scientists’ capacity for assessing coral reef resilience regarding the effects of ocean acidification outside of controlled laboratory experiments. These data can also be used in comparative analyses across natural gradients, thereby assisting efforts to determine whether key reef-building taxa can acclimatize to changing oceanographic environments. These data will have immediate, direct impacts on predictions of reef resilience in a higher carbon dioxide (CO2) world and on the design of reef management strategies.