Recent multi-decadal Southern Ocean surface cooling unlikely caused by Southern Annular Mode trends
Over recent decades, the Southern Ocean (SO) has experienced multi-decadal surface cooling despite global warming. Earlier studies have proposed that recent SO cooling has been caused by the strengthening of surface westerlies associated with a positive trend of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) force...
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2023
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.22541/essoar.169447433.33762344/v1 |
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crwinnower:10.22541/essoar.169447433.33762344/v1 2024-06-02T07:56:42+00:00 Recent multi-decadal Southern Ocean surface cooling unlikely caused by Southern Annular Mode trends Dong, Yue Polvani, Lorenzo M Bonan, David 2023 http://dx.doi.org/10.22541/essoar.169447433.33762344/v1 unknown Authorea, Inc. posted-content 2023 crwinnower https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.169447433.33762344/v1 2024-05-07T14:19:16Z Over recent decades, the Southern Ocean (SO) has experienced multi-decadal surface cooling despite global warming. Earlier studies have proposed that recent SO cooling has been caused by the strengthening of surface westerlies associated with a positive trend of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) forced by ozone depletion. Here we revisit this hypothesis by examining the relationships between the SAM, zonal winds and SO sea-surface temperature (SST). Using a low-frequency component analysis, we show that while positive SAM anomalies can induce SST cooling as previously found, this seasonal-to-interannual modulation makes only a small contribution to the observed long-term SO cooling. Global climate models well capture the observed interannual SAM-SST relationship, and yet generally fail to simulate the observed multi-decadal SO cooling. The forced SAM trend in recent decades is thus unlikely the main cause of the observed SO cooling, pointing to a limited role of the Antarctic ozone hole. Other/Unknown Material Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean The Winnower Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
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The Winnower |
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crwinnower |
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description |
Over recent decades, the Southern Ocean (SO) has experienced multi-decadal surface cooling despite global warming. Earlier studies have proposed that recent SO cooling has been caused by the strengthening of surface westerlies associated with a positive trend of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) forced by ozone depletion. Here we revisit this hypothesis by examining the relationships between the SAM, zonal winds and SO sea-surface temperature (SST). Using a low-frequency component analysis, we show that while positive SAM anomalies can induce SST cooling as previously found, this seasonal-to-interannual modulation makes only a small contribution to the observed long-term SO cooling. Global climate models well capture the observed interannual SAM-SST relationship, and yet generally fail to simulate the observed multi-decadal SO cooling. The forced SAM trend in recent decades is thus unlikely the main cause of the observed SO cooling, pointing to a limited role of the Antarctic ozone hole. |
format |
Other/Unknown Material |
author |
Dong, Yue Polvani, Lorenzo M Bonan, David |
spellingShingle |
Dong, Yue Polvani, Lorenzo M Bonan, David Recent multi-decadal Southern Ocean surface cooling unlikely caused by Southern Annular Mode trends |
author_facet |
Dong, Yue Polvani, Lorenzo M Bonan, David |
author_sort |
Dong, Yue |
title |
Recent multi-decadal Southern Ocean surface cooling unlikely caused by Southern Annular Mode trends |
title_short |
Recent multi-decadal Southern Ocean surface cooling unlikely caused by Southern Annular Mode trends |
title_full |
Recent multi-decadal Southern Ocean surface cooling unlikely caused by Southern Annular Mode trends |
title_fullStr |
Recent multi-decadal Southern Ocean surface cooling unlikely caused by Southern Annular Mode trends |
title_full_unstemmed |
Recent multi-decadal Southern Ocean surface cooling unlikely caused by Southern Annular Mode trends |
title_sort |
recent multi-decadal southern ocean surface cooling unlikely caused by southern annular mode trends |
publisher |
Authorea, Inc. |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.22541/essoar.169447433.33762344/v1 |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.169447433.33762344/v1 |
_version_ |
1800758174103371776 |