New estimates of the pan-Arctic sea ice--atmosphere neutral drag coefficients from ICESat-2 elevation data

• Main Authors: Mchedlishvili, Alexander, Spreen, Gunnar, Lüpkes, Christof, Petty, Alek Aaron, Tsamados, Michel
• Format: Other/Unknown Material
• Language: unknown
• Published: Authorea, Inc. 2022
• Subjects: Arctic; Greenland; Airborne Topographic Mapper; Canadian Archipelago; Sea ice
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.22541/essoar.167171259.92368973/v1

The effect that sea ice topography has on the momentum transfer between ice and atmosphere is not fully quantified due to the vast extent of the Arctic and limitations of current measurement techniques. Here we present a method to estimate pan-Arctic momentum transfer via a parameterization which links sea ice-atmosphere form drag coefficients with surface feature height and spacing. We measure these sea ice surface feature parameters using the Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) which, though it cannot resolve as well airborne surveys, has a higher along-track spatial resolution than other contemporary altimeter satellites. As some narrow obstacles are effectively smoothed out by the ICESat-2 ATL07 spatial resolution, we use near-coincident high-resolution Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) elevation data from NASA’s Operation IceBridge (OIB) mission to scale up the regional ICESat-2 drag estimates. By also incorporating drag due to open water, floe edges and sea ice skin drag, we produced a time series of average total pan-Arctic neutral atmospheric drag coefficient estimates from October 2018 to May 2022. Here we have observed its temporal evolution to be unique and not directly tied to sea ice extent. By also mapping 3-month aggregates for the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 for better regional analysis, we found the thick multiyear ice area directly north of the Canadian Archipelago and Greenland to be consistently above 2.0 · 10⁻³ with rough ice ~ 1.5 · 10⁻³ typically filling the full multiyear ice portion of the Arctic each Spring.