Global flyway evolution in red knots Calidris canutus and genetic evidence for a Nearctic refugium
Present-day ecology and population structure are the legacies of past climate and habitat perturbations, and this is particularly true for species that are widely distributed at high latitudes. The red knot, Calidris canutus , is an arctic-breeding, long-distance migratory shorebird with six recogni...
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2021
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.22541/au.162597680.07818696/v1 |
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crwinnower:10.22541/au.162597680.07818696/v1 2024-06-02T08:02:35+00:00 Global flyway evolution in red knots Calidris canutus and genetic evidence for a Nearctic refugium Conklin, Jesse Verkuil, Yvonne Battley, Philip Hassell, Chris Johnson, James Horn, Job ten Tomkovich, Pavel Baker, Allan Piersma, Theunis Fontaine, Michael 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.22541/au.162597680.07818696/v1 unknown Authorea, Inc. posted-content 2021 crwinnower https://doi.org/10.22541/au.162597680.07818696/v1 2024-05-07T14:19:20Z Present-day ecology and population structure are the legacies of past climate and habitat perturbations, and this is particularly true for species that are widely distributed at high latitudes. The red knot, Calidris canutus , is an arctic-breeding, long-distance migratory shorebird with six recognized subspecies defined by differences in morphology, migration behavior, and annual-cycle phenology, in a global distribution thought to have arisen just since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We used nextRAD sequencing of 10,881 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to assess the neutral genetic structure and phylogeographic history of 172 red knots representing all known global breeding populations. Using population genetics approaches, including model-based scenario-testing in an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) framework, we infer that red knots derive from two main lineages that diverged ca. 34,000 years ago, and thus persisted at the LGM in both Palearctic and Nearctic refugia, followed by at least two instances of secondary contact and admixture. In two flyways, we detected clear genetic structure between population pairs with similar migrations and substantial geographic overlap in the non-breeding season. Conversely, other populations were only weakly differentiated despite clearly divergent migratory phenotypes and little or no apparent contact throughout the annual cycle. In general, the magnitude of genetic differentiation did not match that of phenotypic differences among populations, suggesting that flyway-specific phenotypes developed quite rapidly and do not necessarily impose barriers to gene flow. Our results suggest that population structure and migratory phenotypes in red knots arose from a complex interplay among phylogeography, plasticity, and selective processes. Other/Unknown Material Arctic Calidris canutus Red Knot The Winnower Arctic |
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Present-day ecology and population structure are the legacies of past climate and habitat perturbations, and this is particularly true for species that are widely distributed at high latitudes. The red knot, Calidris canutus , is an arctic-breeding, long-distance migratory shorebird with six recognized subspecies defined by differences in morphology, migration behavior, and annual-cycle phenology, in a global distribution thought to have arisen just since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We used nextRAD sequencing of 10,881 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to assess the neutral genetic structure and phylogeographic history of 172 red knots representing all known global breeding populations. Using population genetics approaches, including model-based scenario-testing in an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) framework, we infer that red knots derive from two main lineages that diverged ca. 34,000 years ago, and thus persisted at the LGM in both Palearctic and Nearctic refugia, followed by at least two instances of secondary contact and admixture. In two flyways, we detected clear genetic structure between population pairs with similar migrations and substantial geographic overlap in the non-breeding season. Conversely, other populations were only weakly differentiated despite clearly divergent migratory phenotypes and little or no apparent contact throughout the annual cycle. In general, the magnitude of genetic differentiation did not match that of phenotypic differences among populations, suggesting that flyway-specific phenotypes developed quite rapidly and do not necessarily impose barriers to gene flow. Our results suggest that population structure and migratory phenotypes in red knots arose from a complex interplay among phylogeography, plasticity, and selective processes. |
format |
Other/Unknown Material |
author |
Conklin, Jesse Verkuil, Yvonne Battley, Philip Hassell, Chris Johnson, James Horn, Job ten Tomkovich, Pavel Baker, Allan Piersma, Theunis Fontaine, Michael |
spellingShingle |
Conklin, Jesse Verkuil, Yvonne Battley, Philip Hassell, Chris Johnson, James Horn, Job ten Tomkovich, Pavel Baker, Allan Piersma, Theunis Fontaine, Michael Global flyway evolution in red knots Calidris canutus and genetic evidence for a Nearctic refugium |
author_facet |
Conklin, Jesse Verkuil, Yvonne Battley, Philip Hassell, Chris Johnson, James Horn, Job ten Tomkovich, Pavel Baker, Allan Piersma, Theunis Fontaine, Michael |
author_sort |
Conklin, Jesse |
title |
Global flyway evolution in red knots Calidris canutus and genetic evidence for a Nearctic refugium |
title_short |
Global flyway evolution in red knots Calidris canutus and genetic evidence for a Nearctic refugium |
title_full |
Global flyway evolution in red knots Calidris canutus and genetic evidence for a Nearctic refugium |
title_fullStr |
Global flyway evolution in red knots Calidris canutus and genetic evidence for a Nearctic refugium |
title_full_unstemmed |
Global flyway evolution in red knots Calidris canutus and genetic evidence for a Nearctic refugium |
title_sort |
global flyway evolution in red knots calidris canutus and genetic evidence for a nearctic refugium |
publisher |
Authorea, Inc. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.22541/au.162597680.07818696/v1 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Calidris canutus Red Knot |
genre_facet |
Arctic Calidris canutus Red Knot |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.22541/au.162597680.07818696/v1 |
_version_ |
1800747061067382784 |