Sedimentation of acantharian cysts in the Iceland Basin: Strontium as a ballast for deep ocean particle flux, and implications for acantharian reproductive strategies
Acantharian cysts were discovered in sediment trap samples from spring 2007 at 2000 m in the Iceland Basin. Although these single‐celled organisms contribute to particulate organic matter flux in the upper mesopelagic, their contribution to bathypelagic particle flux has previously been found neglig...
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crwiley:10.4319/lo.2010.55.2.0604 2024-09-15T18:13:23+00:00 Sedimentation of acantharian cysts in the Iceland Basin: Strontium as a ballast for deep ocean particle flux, and implications for acantharian reproductive strategies Martin, Patrick Allen, John T. Cooper, Matthew J. Johns, David G. Lampitt, Richard S. Sanders, Richard Teagle, Damon A. H. 2010 http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.2.0604 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.4319%2Flo.2010.55.2.0604 https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.4319/lo.2010.55.2.0604 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Limnology and Oceanography volume 55, issue 2, page 604-614 ISSN 0024-3590 1939-5590 journal-article 2010 crwiley https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.2.0604 2024-08-09T04:23:04Z Acantharian cysts were discovered in sediment trap samples from spring 2007 at 2000 m in the Iceland Basin. Although these single‐celled organisms contribute to particulate organic matter flux in the upper mesopelagic, their contribution to bathypelagic particle flux has previously been found negligible. Four time‐series sediment traps were deployed and all collected acantharian cysts, which are reproductive structures. Across all traps, cysts contributed on average 3–22%, and 4–24% of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON) flux, respectively, during three separate collection intervals (the maximum contribution in any one trap was 48% for POC and 59% for PON). Strontium (Sr) flux during these 6 weeks reached 3 mg m −2 d −1 . The acantharian celestite (SrSO 4 ) skeleton clearly does not always dissolve in the mesopelagic as often thought, and their cysts can contribute significantly to particle flux at bathypelagic depths during specific flux events. Their large size (~ 1 mm) and mineral ballast result in a sinking rate of ~ 500 m d −1 hence, they reach the bathypelagic before dissolving. Our findings are consistent with a vertical profile of salinity‐normalized Sr concentration in the Iceland Basin, which shows a maximum at 1700 m. Profiles of salinity‐normalized Sr concentration in the subarctic Pacific reach maxima at ≤ 1500 m, suggesting that Acantharia might contribute to the bathypelagic particle flux there as well. We hypothesize that Acantharia at high latitudes use rapid, deep sedimentation of reproductive cysts during phytoplankton blooms so that juveniles can exploit the large quantity of organic matter that sinks rapidly to the deep sea following a bloom. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Subarctic Wiley Online Library Limnology and Oceanography 55 2 604 614 |
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English |
description |
Acantharian cysts were discovered in sediment trap samples from spring 2007 at 2000 m in the Iceland Basin. Although these single‐celled organisms contribute to particulate organic matter flux in the upper mesopelagic, their contribution to bathypelagic particle flux has previously been found negligible. Four time‐series sediment traps were deployed and all collected acantharian cysts, which are reproductive structures. Across all traps, cysts contributed on average 3–22%, and 4–24% of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON) flux, respectively, during three separate collection intervals (the maximum contribution in any one trap was 48% for POC and 59% for PON). Strontium (Sr) flux during these 6 weeks reached 3 mg m −2 d −1 . The acantharian celestite (SrSO 4 ) skeleton clearly does not always dissolve in the mesopelagic as often thought, and their cysts can contribute significantly to particle flux at bathypelagic depths during specific flux events. Their large size (~ 1 mm) and mineral ballast result in a sinking rate of ~ 500 m d −1 hence, they reach the bathypelagic before dissolving. Our findings are consistent with a vertical profile of salinity‐normalized Sr concentration in the Iceland Basin, which shows a maximum at 1700 m. Profiles of salinity‐normalized Sr concentration in the subarctic Pacific reach maxima at ≤ 1500 m, suggesting that Acantharia might contribute to the bathypelagic particle flux there as well. We hypothesize that Acantharia at high latitudes use rapid, deep sedimentation of reproductive cysts during phytoplankton blooms so that juveniles can exploit the large quantity of organic matter that sinks rapidly to the deep sea following a bloom. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Martin, Patrick Allen, John T. Cooper, Matthew J. Johns, David G. Lampitt, Richard S. Sanders, Richard Teagle, Damon A. H. |
spellingShingle |
Martin, Patrick Allen, John T. Cooper, Matthew J. Johns, David G. Lampitt, Richard S. Sanders, Richard Teagle, Damon A. H. Sedimentation of acantharian cysts in the Iceland Basin: Strontium as a ballast for deep ocean particle flux, and implications for acantharian reproductive strategies |
author_facet |
Martin, Patrick Allen, John T. Cooper, Matthew J. Johns, David G. Lampitt, Richard S. Sanders, Richard Teagle, Damon A. H. |
author_sort |
Martin, Patrick |
title |
Sedimentation of acantharian cysts in the Iceland Basin: Strontium as a ballast for deep ocean particle flux, and implications for acantharian reproductive strategies |
title_short |
Sedimentation of acantharian cysts in the Iceland Basin: Strontium as a ballast for deep ocean particle flux, and implications for acantharian reproductive strategies |
title_full |
Sedimentation of acantharian cysts in the Iceland Basin: Strontium as a ballast for deep ocean particle flux, and implications for acantharian reproductive strategies |
title_fullStr |
Sedimentation of acantharian cysts in the Iceland Basin: Strontium as a ballast for deep ocean particle flux, and implications for acantharian reproductive strategies |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sedimentation of acantharian cysts in the Iceland Basin: Strontium as a ballast for deep ocean particle flux, and implications for acantharian reproductive strategies |
title_sort |
sedimentation of acantharian cysts in the iceland basin: strontium as a ballast for deep ocean particle flux, and implications for acantharian reproductive strategies |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.2.0604 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.4319%2Flo.2010.55.2.0604 https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.4319/lo.2010.55.2.0604 |
genre |
Iceland Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Iceland Subarctic |
op_source |
Limnology and Oceanography volume 55, issue 2, page 604-614 ISSN 0024-3590 1939-5590 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.2.0604 |
container_title |
Limnology and Oceanography |
container_volume |
55 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
604 |
op_container_end_page |
614 |
_version_ |
1810451153070063616 |