Feeding and energy budgets of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba at the onset of winter—II. Juveniles and adults
The overwintering success of Euphausia superba is a key factor that dictates population size, but there is uncertainty over how they cope with the scarcity of pelagic food. Both nonfeeding strategies (reduced metabolism, lipid use, or shrinkage in size) and switching to other foods (carnivory, ice a...
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crwiley:10.4319/lo.2002.47.4.0953 2024-04-28T08:01:20+00:00 Feeding and energy budgets of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba at the onset of winter—II. Juveniles and adults Atkinson, A. Meyer, B. Stuϋbing, D. Hagen, W. Schmidt, K. Bathmann, U. V. 2002 http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2002.47.4.0953 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.4319%2Flo.2002.47.4.0953 https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.4319/lo.2002.47.4.0953 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Limnology and Oceanography volume 47, issue 4, page 953-966 ISSN 0024-3590 1939-5590 Aquatic Science Oceanography journal-article 2002 crwiley https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2002.47.4.0953 2024-04-02T08:44:24Z The overwintering success of Euphausia superba is a key factor that dictates population size, but there is uncertainty over how they cope with the scarcity of pelagic food. Both nonfeeding strategies (reduced metabolism, lipid use, or shrinkage in size) and switching to other foods (carnivory, ice algae, or detritus) have been suggested. We examined these alternatives in the southwest Lazarev Sea in autumn (April 1999), when sea ice was forming and phytoplankton was at winter concentrations. Both juveniles and adults had a very high lipid content (36% and 44% of dry mass, respectively) of which >40% was phospholipid. However, their low O:N ratios suggested that these reserves were not being used. Results from gut contents analysis and large volume incubations agreed that juveniles fed mainly on phytoplankton and adults fed on small (<3 mm) copepods. This dietary difference was supported possibly by elevated concentrations of 20 : 1 and 22 : 1 fatty acids in the adults. The feeding methods also confirmed that feeding rates were low compared with those in summer. Even when acclimated to high food concentrations, clearance and ingestion rates were <30% of summer rates. Respiration and ammonium excretion rates of freshly caught krill were 60%–80% of those in summer and declined significantly during 18 d of starvation. These findings suggest both switch feeding and energy conservation strategies, with a trend of reduced and more carnivorous feeding with ontogeny. This points to a “compromise” strategy for postlarvae, but there are alternative explanations. First, the krill may have reduced their feeding in an autumn transition to a nonfeeding mode, and, second, some of the population may have maintained a high feeding effort whereas the remainder was not feeding. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba ice algae Lazarev Sea Sea ice Copepods Wiley Online Library Limnology and Oceanography 47 4 953 966 |
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English |
topic |
Aquatic Science Oceanography |
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Aquatic Science Oceanography Atkinson, A. Meyer, B. Stuϋbing, D. Hagen, W. Schmidt, K. Bathmann, U. V. Feeding and energy budgets of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba at the onset of winter—II. Juveniles and adults |
topic_facet |
Aquatic Science Oceanography |
description |
The overwintering success of Euphausia superba is a key factor that dictates population size, but there is uncertainty over how they cope with the scarcity of pelagic food. Both nonfeeding strategies (reduced metabolism, lipid use, or shrinkage in size) and switching to other foods (carnivory, ice algae, or detritus) have been suggested. We examined these alternatives in the southwest Lazarev Sea in autumn (April 1999), when sea ice was forming and phytoplankton was at winter concentrations. Both juveniles and adults had a very high lipid content (36% and 44% of dry mass, respectively) of which >40% was phospholipid. However, their low O:N ratios suggested that these reserves were not being used. Results from gut contents analysis and large volume incubations agreed that juveniles fed mainly on phytoplankton and adults fed on small (<3 mm) copepods. This dietary difference was supported possibly by elevated concentrations of 20 : 1 and 22 : 1 fatty acids in the adults. The feeding methods also confirmed that feeding rates were low compared with those in summer. Even when acclimated to high food concentrations, clearance and ingestion rates were <30% of summer rates. Respiration and ammonium excretion rates of freshly caught krill were 60%–80% of those in summer and declined significantly during 18 d of starvation. These findings suggest both switch feeding and energy conservation strategies, with a trend of reduced and more carnivorous feeding with ontogeny. This points to a “compromise” strategy for postlarvae, but there are alternative explanations. First, the krill may have reduced their feeding in an autumn transition to a nonfeeding mode, and, second, some of the population may have maintained a high feeding effort whereas the remainder was not feeding. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Atkinson, A. Meyer, B. Stuϋbing, D. Hagen, W. Schmidt, K. Bathmann, U. V. |
author_facet |
Atkinson, A. Meyer, B. Stuϋbing, D. Hagen, W. Schmidt, K. Bathmann, U. V. |
author_sort |
Atkinson, A. |
title |
Feeding and energy budgets of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba at the onset of winter—II. Juveniles and adults |
title_short |
Feeding and energy budgets of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba at the onset of winter—II. Juveniles and adults |
title_full |
Feeding and energy budgets of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba at the onset of winter—II. Juveniles and adults |
title_fullStr |
Feeding and energy budgets of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba at the onset of winter—II. Juveniles and adults |
title_full_unstemmed |
Feeding and energy budgets of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba at the onset of winter—II. Juveniles and adults |
title_sort |
feeding and energy budgets of antarctic krill euphausia superba at the onset of winter—ii. juveniles and adults |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2002 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2002.47.4.0953 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.4319%2Flo.2002.47.4.0953 https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.4319/lo.2002.47.4.0953 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba ice algae Lazarev Sea Sea ice Copepods |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba ice algae Lazarev Sea Sea ice Copepods |
op_source |
Limnology and Oceanography volume 47, issue 4, page 953-966 ISSN 0024-3590 1939-5590 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2002.47.4.0953 |
container_title |
Limnology and Oceanography |
container_volume |
47 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
953 |
op_container_end_page |
966 |
_version_ |
1797573122342256640 |