Volatile chloro‐ and bromocarbons in coastal waters1
Contaminated coastal waters can contain nanomolar levels of C 1 and C 2 halocarbons originating through in situ synthesis from chlorine and through waste discharge. Haloforms are the major volatile products formed from chlorine. In freshwaters, CHCl 3 dominates with lesser amounts of CHBr 3 and the...
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crwiley:10.4319/lo.1978.23.5.0858 2023-12-03T10:19:49+01:00 Volatile chloro‐ and bromocarbons in coastal waters1 Helz, George R. Hsu, Rong Y. 1978 http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1978.23.5.0858 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.4319%2Flo.1978.23.5.0858 https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.4319/lo.1978.23.5.0858 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Limnology and Oceanography volume 23, issue 5, page 858-869 ISSN 0024-3590 1939-5590 Aquatic Science Oceanography journal-article 1978 crwiley https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1978.23.5.0858 2023-11-09T14:20:55Z Contaminated coastal waters can contain nanomolar levels of C 1 and C 2 halocarbons originating through in situ synthesis from chlorine and through waste discharge. Haloforms are the major volatile products formed from chlorine. In freshwaters, CHCl 3 dominates with lesser amounts of CHBr 3 and the mixed Cl–Br haloforms; however, above about 5 g · kg −1 salinity, CHBr 3 is virtually the only product when typical chlorine doses (10–100 µ M) are used. On a molar basis, >4% conversion of chlorine to haloforms was observed in some experiments. Samples from the Back River estuary (Maryland), which receives effluent from a very large urban wastewater treatment plant, contained CH 2 Cl 2 , CHCl 3 , CCl 4 , CCl 2 = CHCl, and CCl 2 =CCl 2 at concentrations exceeding 1 nM. Even when winter ice cover minimized loss by volatilization, downstream mixing was nonconservative, suggesting that chemical or biological degradation processes occur. Under normal circumstances, however, volatilization followed by chemical degradation in the atmosphere is probably the most important loss mechanism. Data on possible biologic effects of these compounds are critically needed. Article in Journal/Newspaper Back River Wiley Online Library (via Crossref) Limnology and Oceanography 23 5 858 869 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library (via Crossref) |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
topic |
Aquatic Science Oceanography |
spellingShingle |
Aquatic Science Oceanography Helz, George R. Hsu, Rong Y. Volatile chloro‐ and bromocarbons in coastal waters1 |
topic_facet |
Aquatic Science Oceanography |
description |
Contaminated coastal waters can contain nanomolar levels of C 1 and C 2 halocarbons originating through in situ synthesis from chlorine and through waste discharge. Haloforms are the major volatile products formed from chlorine. In freshwaters, CHCl 3 dominates with lesser amounts of CHBr 3 and the mixed Cl–Br haloforms; however, above about 5 g · kg −1 salinity, CHBr 3 is virtually the only product when typical chlorine doses (10–100 µ M) are used. On a molar basis, >4% conversion of chlorine to haloforms was observed in some experiments. Samples from the Back River estuary (Maryland), which receives effluent from a very large urban wastewater treatment plant, contained CH 2 Cl 2 , CHCl 3 , CCl 4 , CCl 2 = CHCl, and CCl 2 =CCl 2 at concentrations exceeding 1 nM. Even when winter ice cover minimized loss by volatilization, downstream mixing was nonconservative, suggesting that chemical or biological degradation processes occur. Under normal circumstances, however, volatilization followed by chemical degradation in the atmosphere is probably the most important loss mechanism. Data on possible biologic effects of these compounds are critically needed. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Helz, George R. Hsu, Rong Y. |
author_facet |
Helz, George R. Hsu, Rong Y. |
author_sort |
Helz, George R. |
title |
Volatile chloro‐ and bromocarbons in coastal waters1 |
title_short |
Volatile chloro‐ and bromocarbons in coastal waters1 |
title_full |
Volatile chloro‐ and bromocarbons in coastal waters1 |
title_fullStr |
Volatile chloro‐ and bromocarbons in coastal waters1 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Volatile chloro‐ and bromocarbons in coastal waters1 |
title_sort |
volatile chloro‐ and bromocarbons in coastal waters1 |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
1978 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1978.23.5.0858 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.4319%2Flo.1978.23.5.0858 https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.4319/lo.1978.23.5.0858 |
genre |
Back River |
genre_facet |
Back River |
op_source |
Limnology and Oceanography volume 23, issue 5, page 858-869 ISSN 0024-3590 1939-5590 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1978.23.5.0858 |
container_title |
Limnology and Oceanography |
container_volume |
23 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
858 |
op_container_end_page |
869 |
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1784267224582717440 |