Bed sites as thermal refuges for a cold‐adapted ungulate in summer
Ungulates that are adapted to cold climates may use bed sites as thermal refuges during summer. At the southern edge of their distribution moose Alces alces often encounter ambient summer temperatures above their upper critical temperature. Summer is also when moose increase food consumption and met...
Published in: | Wildlife Biology |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Other Authors: | , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Wiley
2016
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.2981/wlb.00216 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2981/wlb.00216 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.2981/wlb.00216 |
id |
crwiley:10.2981/wlb.00216 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
crwiley:10.2981/wlb.00216 2024-09-09T18:56:35+00:00 Bed sites as thermal refuges for a cold‐adapted ungulate in summer McCann, Nicholas P. Moen, Ron A. Windels, Steve K. Harris, Tara R. U.S. Geological Survey University of Minnesota 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.2981/wlb.00216 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2981/wlb.00216 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.2981/wlb.00216 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Wildlife Biology volume 22, issue 5, page 228-237 ISSN 1903-220X 1903-220X journal-article 2016 crwiley https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.00216 2024-07-30T04:21:44Z Ungulates that are adapted to cold climates may use bed sites as thermal refuges during summer. At the southern edge of their distribution moose Alces alces often encounter ambient summer temperatures above their upper critical temperature. Summer is also when moose increase food consumption and metabolism, which increases heat generation that must typically be lost at bed sites. To determine if moose use bed sites that enable heat loss when temperatures are hot, we randomly sampled bed sites of moose from across the entire range of ambient summer temperatures. We calculated kernel density estimates for each day and night using GPS locations collected each 20 min for an entire summer to identify bed sites. Kernel density estimates identified bed sites accurately. During the day, moose bedded under lowland forest canopies where substrates had high water content. At night, bed sites were in openings which are associated with greater browse availability and net heat loss. Lowland forests interspersed with openings should help moose to maintain thermal balance during summer. Because thermoregulatory behavior is linked with fitness, thermal refuges should be especially important in areas where moose population declines have been positively correlated with warming temperatures. Article in Journal/Newspaper Alces alces Wiley Online Library Wildlife Biology 22 5 228 237 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Ungulates that are adapted to cold climates may use bed sites as thermal refuges during summer. At the southern edge of their distribution moose Alces alces often encounter ambient summer temperatures above their upper critical temperature. Summer is also when moose increase food consumption and metabolism, which increases heat generation that must typically be lost at bed sites. To determine if moose use bed sites that enable heat loss when temperatures are hot, we randomly sampled bed sites of moose from across the entire range of ambient summer temperatures. We calculated kernel density estimates for each day and night using GPS locations collected each 20 min for an entire summer to identify bed sites. Kernel density estimates identified bed sites accurately. During the day, moose bedded under lowland forest canopies where substrates had high water content. At night, bed sites were in openings which are associated with greater browse availability and net heat loss. Lowland forests interspersed with openings should help moose to maintain thermal balance during summer. Because thermoregulatory behavior is linked with fitness, thermal refuges should be especially important in areas where moose population declines have been positively correlated with warming temperatures. |
author2 |
U.S. Geological Survey University of Minnesota |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
McCann, Nicholas P. Moen, Ron A. Windels, Steve K. Harris, Tara R. |
spellingShingle |
McCann, Nicholas P. Moen, Ron A. Windels, Steve K. Harris, Tara R. Bed sites as thermal refuges for a cold‐adapted ungulate in summer |
author_facet |
McCann, Nicholas P. Moen, Ron A. Windels, Steve K. Harris, Tara R. |
author_sort |
McCann, Nicholas P. |
title |
Bed sites as thermal refuges for a cold‐adapted ungulate in summer |
title_short |
Bed sites as thermal refuges for a cold‐adapted ungulate in summer |
title_full |
Bed sites as thermal refuges for a cold‐adapted ungulate in summer |
title_fullStr |
Bed sites as thermal refuges for a cold‐adapted ungulate in summer |
title_full_unstemmed |
Bed sites as thermal refuges for a cold‐adapted ungulate in summer |
title_sort |
bed sites as thermal refuges for a cold‐adapted ungulate in summer |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.2981/wlb.00216 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2981/wlb.00216 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.2981/wlb.00216 |
genre |
Alces alces |
genre_facet |
Alces alces |
op_source |
Wildlife Biology volume 22, issue 5, page 228-237 ISSN 1903-220X 1903-220X |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.00216 |
container_title |
Wildlife Biology |
container_volume |
22 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
228 |
op_container_end_page |
237 |
_version_ |
1809818292534116352 |