Soil Development on Moraines of Taylor Glacier, Lower Taylor Valley, Antarctica
Abstract Soils were examined on moraines deposited by Taylor Glacier in lower Taylor Valley to determine changes in soil properties with time in an environment of extreme cold and aridity and minimal biologic activity. The soils range in age from 200,000 to 2.7‐3.5 million years BP. Soil profiles co...
Published in: | Soil Science Society of America Journal |
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400020027x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.2136%2Fsssaj1980.03615995004400020027x http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400020027x/fullpdf |
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crwiley:10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400020027x 2023-12-03T10:11:15+01:00 Soil Development on Moraines of Taylor Glacier, Lower Taylor Valley, Antarctica Pastor, J. Bockheim, J. G. Univ. of Maine Univ. of Wisconsin Div. of Polar Programs N.S.F. College of Agric. and Life Sciences 1980 http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400020027x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.2136%2Fsssaj1980.03615995004400020027x http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400020027x/fullpdf en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Soil Science Society of America Journal volume 44, issue 2, page 341-348 ISSN 0361-5995 1435-0661 Soil Science journal-article 1980 crwiley https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400020027x 2023-11-09T13:20:32Z Abstract Soils were examined on moraines deposited by Taylor Glacier in lower Taylor Valley to determine changes in soil properties with time in an environment of extreme cold and aridity and minimal biologic activity. The soils range in age from 200,000 to 2.7‐3.5 million years BP. Soil profiles contain a desert pavement over a weakly expressed B horizon, followed by permafrost, which may be “dry” or ice‐cemented. The soils are alkaline (pH 7.5 to 9.0) and are enriched in salts. Based on X‐ray diffraction, the salts are mirabilite (Na 2 SO 4 ·10H 2 O), tachyhydrite (CaMg 2 Cl 6 ·12H 2 0), and halite (NaCl). Electrical conductivity of the salt‐enriched zone ranges from 2.8 to 9 mmho cm −1 . Sodium and chloride are the dominant ions in 1.5 soil/water extracts. Ion ratios suggest that the bulk of the salts are of marine aerosol origin. The soils are generally gravelly sands, but the amounts of clay (<2 µm) and medium+fine silt (2–20 µm) increase with soil age. Free iron also increases with age. Secondary clay minerals include montmorillonite, vermiculite, and interstratified layer silicates. The predominant clay mineral weathering process is hydration of mica. The age‐soil property relationship may have been influenced by microclimatic variations, previous occurrence of lakes dammed by a westward flowing marine ice sheet, mass‐wasting processes, and persistent ice‐cemented frost table in the solum. The soils are classified as Pergelic Cryorthents, sandy‐skeletal, mixed, frigid. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Ice Ice Sheet permafrost Taylor Glacier Wiley Online Library (via Crossref) Taylor Valley ENVELOPE(163.000,163.000,-77.617,-77.617) Taylor Glacier ENVELOPE(162.167,162.167,-77.733,-77.733) Soil Science Society of America Journal 44 2 341 348 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library (via Crossref) |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
topic |
Soil Science |
spellingShingle |
Soil Science Pastor, J. Bockheim, J. G. Soil Development on Moraines of Taylor Glacier, Lower Taylor Valley, Antarctica |
topic_facet |
Soil Science |
description |
Abstract Soils were examined on moraines deposited by Taylor Glacier in lower Taylor Valley to determine changes in soil properties with time in an environment of extreme cold and aridity and minimal biologic activity. The soils range in age from 200,000 to 2.7‐3.5 million years BP. Soil profiles contain a desert pavement over a weakly expressed B horizon, followed by permafrost, which may be “dry” or ice‐cemented. The soils are alkaline (pH 7.5 to 9.0) and are enriched in salts. Based on X‐ray diffraction, the salts are mirabilite (Na 2 SO 4 ·10H 2 O), tachyhydrite (CaMg 2 Cl 6 ·12H 2 0), and halite (NaCl). Electrical conductivity of the salt‐enriched zone ranges from 2.8 to 9 mmho cm −1 . Sodium and chloride are the dominant ions in 1.5 soil/water extracts. Ion ratios suggest that the bulk of the salts are of marine aerosol origin. The soils are generally gravelly sands, but the amounts of clay (<2 µm) and medium+fine silt (2–20 µm) increase with soil age. Free iron also increases with age. Secondary clay minerals include montmorillonite, vermiculite, and interstratified layer silicates. The predominant clay mineral weathering process is hydration of mica. The age‐soil property relationship may have been influenced by microclimatic variations, previous occurrence of lakes dammed by a westward flowing marine ice sheet, mass‐wasting processes, and persistent ice‐cemented frost table in the solum. The soils are classified as Pergelic Cryorthents, sandy‐skeletal, mixed, frigid. |
author2 |
Univ. of Maine Univ. of Wisconsin Div. of Polar Programs N.S.F. College of Agric. and Life Sciences |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Pastor, J. Bockheim, J. G. |
author_facet |
Pastor, J. Bockheim, J. G. |
author_sort |
Pastor, J. |
title |
Soil Development on Moraines of Taylor Glacier, Lower Taylor Valley, Antarctica |
title_short |
Soil Development on Moraines of Taylor Glacier, Lower Taylor Valley, Antarctica |
title_full |
Soil Development on Moraines of Taylor Glacier, Lower Taylor Valley, Antarctica |
title_fullStr |
Soil Development on Moraines of Taylor Glacier, Lower Taylor Valley, Antarctica |
title_full_unstemmed |
Soil Development on Moraines of Taylor Glacier, Lower Taylor Valley, Antarctica |
title_sort |
soil development on moraines of taylor glacier, lower taylor valley, antarctica |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
1980 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400020027x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.2136%2Fsssaj1980.03615995004400020027x http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400020027x/fullpdf |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(163.000,163.000,-77.617,-77.617) ENVELOPE(162.167,162.167,-77.733,-77.733) |
geographic |
Taylor Valley Taylor Glacier |
geographic_facet |
Taylor Valley Taylor Glacier |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Ice Ice Sheet permafrost Taylor Glacier |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Ice Ice Sheet permafrost Taylor Glacier |
op_source |
Soil Science Society of America Journal volume 44, issue 2, page 341-348 ISSN 0361-5995 1435-0661 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400020027x |
container_title |
Soil Science Society of America Journal |
container_volume |
44 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
341 |
op_container_end_page |
348 |
_version_ |
1784276752087908352 |