Aqueous exposure to 4‐nonylphenol and 17β‐estradiol increases stress sensitivity and disrupts ion regulatory ability of juvenile Atlantic salmon
Abstract Population declines of wild Atlantic salmon have been attributed to an array of anthropogenic disturbances, including dams, commercial and recreational fishing, habitat loss, and pollution. Environmental contaminants in particular, can act as environmental stressors on fish, typically causi...
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crwiley:10.1897/06-451r1.1 2024-09-15T17:56:04+00:00 Aqueous exposure to 4‐nonylphenol and 17β‐estradiol increases stress sensitivity and disrupts ion regulatory ability of juvenile Atlantic salmon Lerner, Darren T. Björnsson, Björn Thrandur McCormick, Stephen D. 2007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-451r1.1 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1897%2F06-451R1.1 https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1897/06-451R1.1 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry volume 26, issue 7, page 1433-1440 ISSN 0730-7268 1552-8618 journal-article 2007 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1897/06-451r1.1 2024-07-23T04:12:48Z Abstract Population declines of wild Atlantic salmon have been attributed to an array of anthropogenic disturbances, including dams, commercial and recreational fishing, habitat loss, and pollution. Environmental contaminants in particular, can act as environmental stressors on fish, typically causing disruption of ion homeostasis due to their close association with the aquatic environment. To examine the effects of the xenoestrogen 4‐nonylphenol (NP) or 17β‐estradiol (E 2 ) on stress sensitivity and ion regulation, we exposed juvenile Atlantic salmon continuously for 21 d to either 10 or 100 μg/L NP (NP‐L or NP‐H), 2 μg/L E 2 (positive control), or vehicle control during the parr‐smolt transformation in April. After treatment, fish were sampled in freshwater (FW), transferred to 30‰ seawater (SW) for 24 h, or subjected to a handling stress. Estradiol and NP‐H increased plasma vitellogenin in males and females, and E 2 increased gonadosomatic index only in males. In FW, E 2 reduced sodium potassium–activated adenosine triphosphatase activity as well as plasma levels of growth hormone, insulin‐like growth factor I, and triiodothyronine. Both E 2 and NP‐H reduced plasma sodium in FW and increased plasma chloride in SW. Plasma Cortisol levels pre‐ and poststressor were significantly elevated by all treatments relative to controls, but only E 2 increased plasma glucose before and after the stressor. These results indicate that exposure of anadromous salmonids to environmental estrogens heightens sensitivity to external stressors, impairs ion regulation in both FW and SW, and disrupts endocrine pathways critical for smolt development. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Wiley Online Library Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 26 7 1433 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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English |
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Abstract Population declines of wild Atlantic salmon have been attributed to an array of anthropogenic disturbances, including dams, commercial and recreational fishing, habitat loss, and pollution. Environmental contaminants in particular, can act as environmental stressors on fish, typically causing disruption of ion homeostasis due to their close association with the aquatic environment. To examine the effects of the xenoestrogen 4‐nonylphenol (NP) or 17β‐estradiol (E 2 ) on stress sensitivity and ion regulation, we exposed juvenile Atlantic salmon continuously for 21 d to either 10 or 100 μg/L NP (NP‐L or NP‐H), 2 μg/L E 2 (positive control), or vehicle control during the parr‐smolt transformation in April. After treatment, fish were sampled in freshwater (FW), transferred to 30‰ seawater (SW) for 24 h, or subjected to a handling stress. Estradiol and NP‐H increased plasma vitellogenin in males and females, and E 2 increased gonadosomatic index only in males. In FW, E 2 reduced sodium potassium–activated adenosine triphosphatase activity as well as plasma levels of growth hormone, insulin‐like growth factor I, and triiodothyronine. Both E 2 and NP‐H reduced plasma sodium in FW and increased plasma chloride in SW. Plasma Cortisol levels pre‐ and poststressor were significantly elevated by all treatments relative to controls, but only E 2 increased plasma glucose before and after the stressor. These results indicate that exposure of anadromous salmonids to environmental estrogens heightens sensitivity to external stressors, impairs ion regulation in both FW and SW, and disrupts endocrine pathways critical for smolt development. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lerner, Darren T. Björnsson, Björn Thrandur McCormick, Stephen D. |
spellingShingle |
Lerner, Darren T. Björnsson, Björn Thrandur McCormick, Stephen D. Aqueous exposure to 4‐nonylphenol and 17β‐estradiol increases stress sensitivity and disrupts ion regulatory ability of juvenile Atlantic salmon |
author_facet |
Lerner, Darren T. Björnsson, Björn Thrandur McCormick, Stephen D. |
author_sort |
Lerner, Darren T. |
title |
Aqueous exposure to 4‐nonylphenol and 17β‐estradiol increases stress sensitivity and disrupts ion regulatory ability of juvenile Atlantic salmon |
title_short |
Aqueous exposure to 4‐nonylphenol and 17β‐estradiol increases stress sensitivity and disrupts ion regulatory ability of juvenile Atlantic salmon |
title_full |
Aqueous exposure to 4‐nonylphenol and 17β‐estradiol increases stress sensitivity and disrupts ion regulatory ability of juvenile Atlantic salmon |
title_fullStr |
Aqueous exposure to 4‐nonylphenol and 17β‐estradiol increases stress sensitivity and disrupts ion regulatory ability of juvenile Atlantic salmon |
title_full_unstemmed |
Aqueous exposure to 4‐nonylphenol and 17β‐estradiol increases stress sensitivity and disrupts ion regulatory ability of juvenile Atlantic salmon |
title_sort |
aqueous exposure to 4‐nonylphenol and 17β‐estradiol increases stress sensitivity and disrupts ion regulatory ability of juvenile atlantic salmon |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2007 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-451r1.1 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1897%2F06-451R1.1 https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1897/06-451R1.1 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_source |
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry volume 26, issue 7, page 1433-1440 ISSN 0730-7268 1552-8618 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1897/06-451r1.1 |
container_title |
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry |
container_volume |
26 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
1433 |
_version_ |
1810432273718181888 |