Biomagnification of polybrominated diphenyl ether and hexabromocyclododecane flame retardants in the polar bear food chain in Svalbard, Norway
Abstract Concentrations of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), were investigated in an arctic marine food chain consisting of four invertebrate species: polar cod ( Boreogadus saida ), ringed seals ( Pusa hispida ), a...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/05-591r.1 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1897%2F05-591R.1 https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1897/05-591R.1 |
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crwiley:10.1897/05-591r.1 2024-06-23T07:50:15+00:00 Biomagnification of polybrominated diphenyl ether and hexabromocyclododecane flame retardants in the polar bear food chain in Svalbard, Norway Sørmo, Eugen Gravningen Salmer, Maria Pettersvik Jenssen, Bjørn Munro Hop, Haakon Bæk, Kine Kovacs, Kit Maureen Lydersen, Christian Falk‐Petersen, Stig Gabrielsen, Geir Wing Lie, Elisabeth Skaare, Janneche Utne 2006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/05-591r.1 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1897%2F05-591R.1 https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1897/05-591R.1 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry volume 25, issue 9, page 2502-2511 ISSN 0730-7268 1552-8618 journal-article 2006 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1897/05-591r.1 2024-05-31T08:14:13Z Abstract Concentrations of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), were investigated in an arctic marine food chain consisting of four invertebrate species: polar cod ( Boreogadus saida ), ringed seals ( Pusa hispida ), and polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ). The most abundant BFR, brominated diphenyl ether (BDE)‐47, was found in detectable concentrations even in zooplankton, the lowest trophic level examined in this study. Most of the investigated BFRs biomagnified as function of tropic level in the food chain. A noticeable exception occurred at the highest trophic level, the polar bear, in which only BDE‐153 was found to increase from its main prey, the ringed seal, indicating that polar bears appear to be able to metabolize and biodegrade most BFRs. In contrast, lower‐brominated PBDEs, particularly BDE‐47, showed clear signs of bioaccumulation in zooplankton, polar cod, and ringed seals. We suggest that this discrepancy in the fate of BFRs among the different species may be related to greater induction of oxidative detoxification activities in the polar bear. Absorption and debromination rates may be more important for bioaccumulation rates of BFRs in zooplankton, polar cod, and ringed seals. Lipid weight–based concentrations (LWCs) and whole body–based concentrations (WBCs) of BFRs were used to assess biomagnification factors (BMFs). Whole‐body concentrations gave the most realistic BMFs, as BMFs derived from LWCs seem to be confounded by the large variability in lipid content of tissues from the investigated species. This study demonstrates that PBDEs and HBCD have reached measurable concentrations even in the lower trophic levels (invertebrates and fish) in the Arctic and biomagnifies in the polar bear food chain. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Boreogadus saida polar cod Pusa hispida ringed seal Svalbard Ursus maritimus Zooplankton Wiley Online Library Arctic Norway Svalbard Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 25 9 2502 |
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Open Polar |
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Wiley Online Library |
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English |
description |
Abstract Concentrations of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), were investigated in an arctic marine food chain consisting of four invertebrate species: polar cod ( Boreogadus saida ), ringed seals ( Pusa hispida ), and polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ). The most abundant BFR, brominated diphenyl ether (BDE)‐47, was found in detectable concentrations even in zooplankton, the lowest trophic level examined in this study. Most of the investigated BFRs biomagnified as function of tropic level in the food chain. A noticeable exception occurred at the highest trophic level, the polar bear, in which only BDE‐153 was found to increase from its main prey, the ringed seal, indicating that polar bears appear to be able to metabolize and biodegrade most BFRs. In contrast, lower‐brominated PBDEs, particularly BDE‐47, showed clear signs of bioaccumulation in zooplankton, polar cod, and ringed seals. We suggest that this discrepancy in the fate of BFRs among the different species may be related to greater induction of oxidative detoxification activities in the polar bear. Absorption and debromination rates may be more important for bioaccumulation rates of BFRs in zooplankton, polar cod, and ringed seals. Lipid weight–based concentrations (LWCs) and whole body–based concentrations (WBCs) of BFRs were used to assess biomagnification factors (BMFs). Whole‐body concentrations gave the most realistic BMFs, as BMFs derived from LWCs seem to be confounded by the large variability in lipid content of tissues from the investigated species. This study demonstrates that PBDEs and HBCD have reached measurable concentrations even in the lower trophic levels (invertebrates and fish) in the Arctic and biomagnifies in the polar bear food chain. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Sørmo, Eugen Gravningen Salmer, Maria Pettersvik Jenssen, Bjørn Munro Hop, Haakon Bæk, Kine Kovacs, Kit Maureen Lydersen, Christian Falk‐Petersen, Stig Gabrielsen, Geir Wing Lie, Elisabeth Skaare, Janneche Utne |
spellingShingle |
Sørmo, Eugen Gravningen Salmer, Maria Pettersvik Jenssen, Bjørn Munro Hop, Haakon Bæk, Kine Kovacs, Kit Maureen Lydersen, Christian Falk‐Petersen, Stig Gabrielsen, Geir Wing Lie, Elisabeth Skaare, Janneche Utne Biomagnification of polybrominated diphenyl ether and hexabromocyclododecane flame retardants in the polar bear food chain in Svalbard, Norway |
author_facet |
Sørmo, Eugen Gravningen Salmer, Maria Pettersvik Jenssen, Bjørn Munro Hop, Haakon Bæk, Kine Kovacs, Kit Maureen Lydersen, Christian Falk‐Petersen, Stig Gabrielsen, Geir Wing Lie, Elisabeth Skaare, Janneche Utne |
author_sort |
Sørmo, Eugen Gravningen |
title |
Biomagnification of polybrominated diphenyl ether and hexabromocyclododecane flame retardants in the polar bear food chain in Svalbard, Norway |
title_short |
Biomagnification of polybrominated diphenyl ether and hexabromocyclododecane flame retardants in the polar bear food chain in Svalbard, Norway |
title_full |
Biomagnification of polybrominated diphenyl ether and hexabromocyclododecane flame retardants in the polar bear food chain in Svalbard, Norway |
title_fullStr |
Biomagnification of polybrominated diphenyl ether and hexabromocyclododecane flame retardants in the polar bear food chain in Svalbard, Norway |
title_full_unstemmed |
Biomagnification of polybrominated diphenyl ether and hexabromocyclododecane flame retardants in the polar bear food chain in Svalbard, Norway |
title_sort |
biomagnification of polybrominated diphenyl ether and hexabromocyclododecane flame retardants in the polar bear food chain in svalbard, norway |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2006 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/05-591r.1 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1897%2F05-591R.1 https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1897/05-591R.1 |
geographic |
Arctic Norway Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Norway Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic Boreogadus saida polar cod Pusa hispida ringed seal Svalbard Ursus maritimus Zooplankton |
genre_facet |
Arctic Boreogadus saida polar cod Pusa hispida ringed seal Svalbard Ursus maritimus Zooplankton |
op_source |
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry volume 25, issue 9, page 2502-2511 ISSN 0730-7268 1552-8618 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1897/05-591r.1 |
container_title |
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry |
container_volume |
25 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
2502 |
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1802641128620556288 |