Wastewater treatment polymers identified as the toxic component of a diamond mine effluent
Abstract The Ekati™ Diamond Mine, located approximately 300 km northeast of Yellowknife in Canada's Northwest Territories, uses mechanical crushing and washing processes to extract diamonds from kimberlite ore. The processing plant's effluent contains kimberlite ore particles (≤0.5 mm), wa...
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crwiley:10.1897/03-609 2024-09-09T20:00:09+00:00 Wastewater treatment polymers identified as the toxic component of a diamond mine effluent de Rosemond, Simone J. C. Liber, Karsten 2004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/03-609 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1897%2F03-609 https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1897/03-609 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry volume 23, issue 9, page 2234-2242 ISSN 0730-7268 1552-8618 journal-article 2004 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1897/03-609 2024-06-18T04:13:13Z Abstract The Ekati™ Diamond Mine, located approximately 300 km northeast of Yellowknife in Canada's Northwest Territories, uses mechanical crushing and washing processes to extract diamonds from kimberlite ore. The processing plant's effluent contains kimberlite ore particles (≤0.5 mm), wastewater, and two wastewater treatment polymers, a cationic polydiallydimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) polymer and an anionic sodium acrylate polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer. A series of acute (48‐h) and chronic (7‐d) toxicity tests determined the processed kimberlite effluent (PKE) was chronically, but not acutely, toxic to Ceriodaphnia dubia. Reproduction of C. dubia was inhibited significantly at concentrations as low as 12.5% PKE. Toxicity identification evaluations (TIE) were initiated to identify the toxic component of PKE. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium thiosulfate, aeration, and solid phase extraction with C‐18 manipulations failed to reduce PKE toxicity. Toxicity was reduced significantly by pH adjustments to pH 3 or 11 followed by filtration. Toxicity testing with C. dubia determined that the cationic DADMAC polymer had a 48‐h median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.32 mg/L and 7‐d median effective concentration (EC50) of 0.014 mg/L. The anionic PAM polymer had a 48‐h LC50 of 218 mg/L. A weight‐of‐evidence approach, using the data obtained from the TIE, the polymer toxicity experiments, the estimated concentration of the cationic polymer in the kimberlite effluent, and the behavior of kimberlite minerals in pH‐adjusted solutions provided sufficient evidence to identify the cationic DADMAC polymer as the toxic component of the diamond mine PKE. Article in Journal/Newspaper Northwest Territories Yellowknife Wiley Online Library Northwest Territories Yellowknife Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 23 9 2234 2242 |
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English |
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Abstract The Ekati™ Diamond Mine, located approximately 300 km northeast of Yellowknife in Canada's Northwest Territories, uses mechanical crushing and washing processes to extract diamonds from kimberlite ore. The processing plant's effluent contains kimberlite ore particles (≤0.5 mm), wastewater, and two wastewater treatment polymers, a cationic polydiallydimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) polymer and an anionic sodium acrylate polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer. A series of acute (48‐h) and chronic (7‐d) toxicity tests determined the processed kimberlite effluent (PKE) was chronically, but not acutely, toxic to Ceriodaphnia dubia. Reproduction of C. dubia was inhibited significantly at concentrations as low as 12.5% PKE. Toxicity identification evaluations (TIE) were initiated to identify the toxic component of PKE. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium thiosulfate, aeration, and solid phase extraction with C‐18 manipulations failed to reduce PKE toxicity. Toxicity was reduced significantly by pH adjustments to pH 3 or 11 followed by filtration. Toxicity testing with C. dubia determined that the cationic DADMAC polymer had a 48‐h median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.32 mg/L and 7‐d median effective concentration (EC50) of 0.014 mg/L. The anionic PAM polymer had a 48‐h LC50 of 218 mg/L. A weight‐of‐evidence approach, using the data obtained from the TIE, the polymer toxicity experiments, the estimated concentration of the cationic polymer in the kimberlite effluent, and the behavior of kimberlite minerals in pH‐adjusted solutions provided sufficient evidence to identify the cationic DADMAC polymer as the toxic component of the diamond mine PKE. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
de Rosemond, Simone J. C. Liber, Karsten |
spellingShingle |
de Rosemond, Simone J. C. Liber, Karsten Wastewater treatment polymers identified as the toxic component of a diamond mine effluent |
author_facet |
de Rosemond, Simone J. C. Liber, Karsten |
author_sort |
de Rosemond, Simone J. C. |
title |
Wastewater treatment polymers identified as the toxic component of a diamond mine effluent |
title_short |
Wastewater treatment polymers identified as the toxic component of a diamond mine effluent |
title_full |
Wastewater treatment polymers identified as the toxic component of a diamond mine effluent |
title_fullStr |
Wastewater treatment polymers identified as the toxic component of a diamond mine effluent |
title_full_unstemmed |
Wastewater treatment polymers identified as the toxic component of a diamond mine effluent |
title_sort |
wastewater treatment polymers identified as the toxic component of a diamond mine effluent |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2004 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/03-609 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1897%2F03-609 https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1897/03-609 |
geographic |
Northwest Territories Yellowknife |
geographic_facet |
Northwest Territories Yellowknife |
genre |
Northwest Territories Yellowknife |
genre_facet |
Northwest Territories Yellowknife |
op_source |
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry volume 23, issue 9, page 2234-2242 ISSN 0730-7268 1552-8618 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1897/03-609 |
container_title |
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry |
container_volume |
23 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
2234 |
op_container_end_page |
2242 |
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1809931279543566336 |