Many routes lead to Rome: potential causes for the multi‐route migration system of Red Knots, Calidris canutus islandica
Migrants, such as birds or representatives of other taxa, usually make use of several stopover sites to cover the distance between their site of origin and destination. Potentially, multiple routes exist, but often little is known about the causes and consequences of alternative migration routes. Ap...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-1281.1 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1890%2F09-1281.1 https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1890/09-1281.1 |
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crwiley:10.1890/09-1281.1 2024-05-19T07:35:54+00:00 Many routes lead to Rome: potential causes for the multi‐route migration system of Red Knots, Calidris canutus islandica Bauer, Silke Ens, Bruno J. Klaassen, Marcel 2010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-1281.1 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1890%2F09-1281.1 https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1890/09-1281.1 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Ecology volume 91, issue 6, page 1822-1831 ISSN 0012-9658 1939-9170 journal-article 2010 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1281.1 2024-04-25T08:30:38Z Migrants, such as birds or representatives of other taxa, usually make use of several stopover sites to cover the distance between their site of origin and destination. Potentially, multiple routes exist, but often little is known about the causes and consequences of alternative migration routes. Apart from their geographical distribution, the suitability of potential sites might play an important role in the animals' decisions for a particular itinerary. We used an optimal‐migration model to test three nonmutually exclusive hypotheses leading to variations in the spring migration routes of a subspecies of Red Knot, Calidris canutus islandica , which migrates from wintering grounds in Western Europe to breeding grounds in Greenland and the Canadian Arctic: the breeding location hypothesis, the energy budget hypothesis, and the predation risk hypothesis. Varying only breeding location, the model predicted that birds breeding in the Canadian Arctic and on West Greenland stop over on Iceland, whereas birds breeding in East and Northeast Greenland migrate via northern Norway, a prediction that is supported by empirical findings. Energy budgets on stopover sites had a strong influence on the choice of route and staging times. Varying foraging‐intensity and mass‐dependent predation risk prompted the birds to use less risky sites, if possible. The effect of simultaneous changes in the energy budget and predation risk strongly depended on the site where these occurred. Our findings provide potential explanations for the observations that C. canutus islandica uses a diverse array of migration routes. Scrutinizing the three alternative driving forces for the choice of migratory routes awaits further, specific data collection in rapidly developing fields of research (e.g., predation risk assessment, GPS tracking). Generally, the type of modeling presented here may not only highlight alternative explanations, but also direct follow‐up empirical research. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Calidris canutus Greenland Iceland Northern Norway Red Knot Wiley Online Library Ecology 91 6 1822 1831 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Migrants, such as birds or representatives of other taxa, usually make use of several stopover sites to cover the distance between their site of origin and destination. Potentially, multiple routes exist, but often little is known about the causes and consequences of alternative migration routes. Apart from their geographical distribution, the suitability of potential sites might play an important role in the animals' decisions for a particular itinerary. We used an optimal‐migration model to test three nonmutually exclusive hypotheses leading to variations in the spring migration routes of a subspecies of Red Knot, Calidris canutus islandica , which migrates from wintering grounds in Western Europe to breeding grounds in Greenland and the Canadian Arctic: the breeding location hypothesis, the energy budget hypothesis, and the predation risk hypothesis. Varying only breeding location, the model predicted that birds breeding in the Canadian Arctic and on West Greenland stop over on Iceland, whereas birds breeding in East and Northeast Greenland migrate via northern Norway, a prediction that is supported by empirical findings. Energy budgets on stopover sites had a strong influence on the choice of route and staging times. Varying foraging‐intensity and mass‐dependent predation risk prompted the birds to use less risky sites, if possible. The effect of simultaneous changes in the energy budget and predation risk strongly depended on the site where these occurred. Our findings provide potential explanations for the observations that C. canutus islandica uses a diverse array of migration routes. Scrutinizing the three alternative driving forces for the choice of migratory routes awaits further, specific data collection in rapidly developing fields of research (e.g., predation risk assessment, GPS tracking). Generally, the type of modeling presented here may not only highlight alternative explanations, but also direct follow‐up empirical research. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bauer, Silke Ens, Bruno J. Klaassen, Marcel |
spellingShingle |
Bauer, Silke Ens, Bruno J. Klaassen, Marcel Many routes lead to Rome: potential causes for the multi‐route migration system of Red Knots, Calidris canutus islandica |
author_facet |
Bauer, Silke Ens, Bruno J. Klaassen, Marcel |
author_sort |
Bauer, Silke |
title |
Many routes lead to Rome: potential causes for the multi‐route migration system of Red Knots, Calidris canutus islandica |
title_short |
Many routes lead to Rome: potential causes for the multi‐route migration system of Red Knots, Calidris canutus islandica |
title_full |
Many routes lead to Rome: potential causes for the multi‐route migration system of Red Knots, Calidris canutus islandica |
title_fullStr |
Many routes lead to Rome: potential causes for the multi‐route migration system of Red Knots, Calidris canutus islandica |
title_full_unstemmed |
Many routes lead to Rome: potential causes for the multi‐route migration system of Red Knots, Calidris canutus islandica |
title_sort |
many routes lead to rome: potential causes for the multi‐route migration system of red knots, calidris canutus islandica |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-1281.1 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1890%2F09-1281.1 https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1890/09-1281.1 |
genre |
Arctic Calidris canutus Greenland Iceland Northern Norway Red Knot |
genre_facet |
Arctic Calidris canutus Greenland Iceland Northern Norway Red Knot |
op_source |
Ecology volume 91, issue 6, page 1822-1831 ISSN 0012-9658 1939-9170 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1281.1 |
container_title |
Ecology |
container_volume |
91 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
1822 |
op_container_end_page |
1831 |
_version_ |
1799474935392894976 |