Towards a phylogeny of Cyclops(Copepoda): (in)congruences among morphology, molecules and zoogeography
Abstract The phylogeny of Cyclops (~30 spp.), a predominantly Palearctic cold‐adapted genus, was reconstructed based on morphological and molecular characters. The morphological analysis used extensive taxon sampling from the entire Holarctic range of the genus and included 53 morphological characte...
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crwiley:10.1111/zsc.12342 2024-09-30T14:33:05+00:00 Towards a phylogeny of Cyclops(Copepoda): (in)congruences among morphology, molecules and zoogeography Hołyńska, Maria Wyngaard, Grace A. National Science Foundation James Madison University 2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12342 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fzsc.12342 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/zsc.12342 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/zsc.12342 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1111/zsc.12342 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#am http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Zoologica Scripta volume 48, issue 3, page 376-398 ISSN 0300-3256 1463-6409 journal-article 2019 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12342 2024-09-05T05:09:40Z Abstract The phylogeny of Cyclops (~30 spp.), a predominantly Palearctic cold‐adapted genus, was reconstructed based on morphological and molecular characters. The morphological analysis used extensive taxon sampling from the entire Holarctic range of the genus and included 53 morphological characters. Polymorphic traits were coded by the “unordered,” “unscaled” and “scaled” methods; maximum parsimony criterion was applied in tree building. Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions utilized partial nuclear 18S and 28S ribosomal genes, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and complete internal transcribed spacer regions I and II, albeit with limited taxon sampling. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood were used in these tree reconstructions. The molecular characters were used both in combination with morphology and as an independent test of the basal relationships inferred from morphology. Monophyly of the genus received strong support in both the morphological and molecular phylogenies; the basal relationships remain unresolved. The morphology‐based phylogenies, along with the geographic distribution patterns and ecological traits, supported monophyly of the ankyrae − ladakanus clade, scutifer ‐clade ( C. scutifer , C. jashnovi , C. columbianus ), kolensis ‐clade ( C. kolensis , C. kikuchii , C. vicinus , C. furcifer , C. insignis , C. alaskaensis ), abyssorum ‐clade ( C. abyssorum s. str., C. abyssorum larianus , C. ricae , C. sevani ) and divergens ‐clade (South Carpathian “ Cyclops sp. Y,” C. mauritaniae , C. divergens , C. bohater , C. lacustris ). Relationships among European and North American populations of C. scutifer and C. columbianus based on partial sequences of the 12S mitochondrial gene show C. scutifer to be paraphyletic, suggesting two independent invasions into North America via the Bering Land Bridge from Siberia to Alaska. Article in Journal/Newspaper Bering Land Bridge Alaska Siberia Wiley Online Library Zoologica Scripta 48 3 376 398 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract The phylogeny of Cyclops (~30 spp.), a predominantly Palearctic cold‐adapted genus, was reconstructed based on morphological and molecular characters. The morphological analysis used extensive taxon sampling from the entire Holarctic range of the genus and included 53 morphological characters. Polymorphic traits were coded by the “unordered,” “unscaled” and “scaled” methods; maximum parsimony criterion was applied in tree building. Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions utilized partial nuclear 18S and 28S ribosomal genes, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and complete internal transcribed spacer regions I and II, albeit with limited taxon sampling. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood were used in these tree reconstructions. The molecular characters were used both in combination with morphology and as an independent test of the basal relationships inferred from morphology. Monophyly of the genus received strong support in both the morphological and molecular phylogenies; the basal relationships remain unresolved. The morphology‐based phylogenies, along with the geographic distribution patterns and ecological traits, supported monophyly of the ankyrae − ladakanus clade, scutifer ‐clade ( C. scutifer , C. jashnovi , C. columbianus ), kolensis ‐clade ( C. kolensis , C. kikuchii , C. vicinus , C. furcifer , C. insignis , C. alaskaensis ), abyssorum ‐clade ( C. abyssorum s. str., C. abyssorum larianus , C. ricae , C. sevani ) and divergens ‐clade (South Carpathian “ Cyclops sp. Y,” C. mauritaniae , C. divergens , C. bohater , C. lacustris ). Relationships among European and North American populations of C. scutifer and C. columbianus based on partial sequences of the 12S mitochondrial gene show C. scutifer to be paraphyletic, suggesting two independent invasions into North America via the Bering Land Bridge from Siberia to Alaska. |
author2 |
National Science Foundation James Madison University |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hołyńska, Maria Wyngaard, Grace A. |
spellingShingle |
Hołyńska, Maria Wyngaard, Grace A. Towards a phylogeny of Cyclops(Copepoda): (in)congruences among morphology, molecules and zoogeography |
author_facet |
Hołyńska, Maria Wyngaard, Grace A. |
author_sort |
Hołyńska, Maria |
title |
Towards a phylogeny of Cyclops(Copepoda): (in)congruences among morphology, molecules and zoogeography |
title_short |
Towards a phylogeny of Cyclops(Copepoda): (in)congruences among morphology, molecules and zoogeography |
title_full |
Towards a phylogeny of Cyclops(Copepoda): (in)congruences among morphology, molecules and zoogeography |
title_fullStr |
Towards a phylogeny of Cyclops(Copepoda): (in)congruences among morphology, molecules and zoogeography |
title_full_unstemmed |
Towards a phylogeny of Cyclops(Copepoda): (in)congruences among morphology, molecules and zoogeography |
title_sort |
towards a phylogeny of cyclops(copepoda): (in)congruences among morphology, molecules and zoogeography |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12342 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fzsc.12342 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/zsc.12342 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/zsc.12342 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1111/zsc.12342 |
genre |
Bering Land Bridge Alaska Siberia |
genre_facet |
Bering Land Bridge Alaska Siberia |
op_source |
Zoologica Scripta volume 48, issue 3, page 376-398 ISSN 0300-3256 1463-6409 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#am http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12342 |
container_title |
Zoologica Scripta |
container_volume |
48 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
376 |
op_container_end_page |
398 |
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1811637093818957824 |