Feed‐food competition in global aquaculture: Current trends and prospects
Abstract Feed‐food competition is the allocation of resources that can be used to feed humans to animal feed instead, a current but unsustainable practise not well documented for aquaculture. Here, we analysed feed‐food competition in aquaculture using two measures; natural trophic levels (TLs) and...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/raq.12804 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/raq.12804 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/raq.12804 |
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crwiley:10.1111/raq.12804 2024-06-23T07:51:24+00:00 Feed‐food competition in global aquaculture: Current trends and prospects van Riel, Anne‐Jo Nederlof, Marit A. J. Chary, Killian Wiegertjes, Geert F. de Boer, Imke J. M. Wageningen University and Research 2023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/raq.12804 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/raq.12804 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/raq.12804 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Reviews in Aquaculture volume 15, issue 3, page 1142-1158 ISSN 1753-5123 1753-5131 journal-article 2023 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12804 2024-06-13T04:23:11Z Abstract Feed‐food competition is the allocation of resources that can be used to feed humans to animal feed instead, a current but unsustainable practise not well documented for aquaculture. Here, we analysed feed‐food competition in aquaculture using two measures; natural trophic levels (TLs) and species‐specific human‐edible protein conversion ratios (HePCRs). The HePCR equals the ratio of human edible protein in feed (input) to the human edible protein in animal produce (output). To provide prospects on aquaculture's potential to convert human inedible by‐products into edible biomass, data on aquaculture production were collected and categorized based on natural TLs. HePCRs were computed for four aquaculture species produced in intensive aquaculture systems: Atlantic salmon, common carp, Nile tilapia and whiteleg shrimp. Under current feed use, we estimated that the carp, tilapia and shrimp considered were net contributors of protein by requiring ~0.6 kg of human edible protein to produce 1 kg of protein in the fillet/meat. Considering soya bean meal and fishmeal as food‐competing ingredients increased the HePCR to ~2 and turned all of the case‐study species into net consumers of protein. To prevent this increase, the use of high‐quality food‐competing ingredients such as fishmeal, or soya bean products should be minimized in aquaculture feed. In the future, the role of aquaculture in circular food systems will most likely consist of a balanced mix of species at different TLs and from different aquaculture systems, depending on the by‐products available. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Wiley Online Library Reviews in Aquaculture 15 3 1142 1158 |
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Abstract Feed‐food competition is the allocation of resources that can be used to feed humans to animal feed instead, a current but unsustainable practise not well documented for aquaculture. Here, we analysed feed‐food competition in aquaculture using two measures; natural trophic levels (TLs) and species‐specific human‐edible protein conversion ratios (HePCRs). The HePCR equals the ratio of human edible protein in feed (input) to the human edible protein in animal produce (output). To provide prospects on aquaculture's potential to convert human inedible by‐products into edible biomass, data on aquaculture production were collected and categorized based on natural TLs. HePCRs were computed for four aquaculture species produced in intensive aquaculture systems: Atlantic salmon, common carp, Nile tilapia and whiteleg shrimp. Under current feed use, we estimated that the carp, tilapia and shrimp considered were net contributors of protein by requiring ~0.6 kg of human edible protein to produce 1 kg of protein in the fillet/meat. Considering soya bean meal and fishmeal as food‐competing ingredients increased the HePCR to ~2 and turned all of the case‐study species into net consumers of protein. To prevent this increase, the use of high‐quality food‐competing ingredients such as fishmeal, or soya bean products should be minimized in aquaculture feed. In the future, the role of aquaculture in circular food systems will most likely consist of a balanced mix of species at different TLs and from different aquaculture systems, depending on the by‐products available. |
author2 |
Wageningen University and Research |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
van Riel, Anne‐Jo Nederlof, Marit A. J. Chary, Killian Wiegertjes, Geert F. de Boer, Imke J. M. |
spellingShingle |
van Riel, Anne‐Jo Nederlof, Marit A. J. Chary, Killian Wiegertjes, Geert F. de Boer, Imke J. M. Feed‐food competition in global aquaculture: Current trends and prospects |
author_facet |
van Riel, Anne‐Jo Nederlof, Marit A. J. Chary, Killian Wiegertjes, Geert F. de Boer, Imke J. M. |
author_sort |
van Riel, Anne‐Jo |
title |
Feed‐food competition in global aquaculture: Current trends and prospects |
title_short |
Feed‐food competition in global aquaculture: Current trends and prospects |
title_full |
Feed‐food competition in global aquaculture: Current trends and prospects |
title_fullStr |
Feed‐food competition in global aquaculture: Current trends and prospects |
title_full_unstemmed |
Feed‐food competition in global aquaculture: Current trends and prospects |
title_sort |
feed‐food competition in global aquaculture: current trends and prospects |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/raq.12804 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/raq.12804 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/raq.12804 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_source |
Reviews in Aquaculture volume 15, issue 3, page 1142-1158 ISSN 1753-5123 1753-5131 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12804 |
container_title |
Reviews in Aquaculture |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
1142 |
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1158 |
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1802642496027623424 |