Temporal variation in habitat selection breaks the catch‐22 of spatially contrasting predation risk from multiple predators
Predator avoidance depends on prey being able to discern how risk varies in space and time, but this is made considerably more complicated if risk is simultaneously present from multiple predators. This is the situation for an increasing number of mammalian prey species, as large carnivores recover...
Published in: | Oikos |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Wiley
2016
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/oik.03486 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Foik.03486 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/oik.03486 |
id |
crwiley:10.1111/oik.03486 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
crwiley:10.1111/oik.03486 2024-06-23T07:57:31+00:00 Temporal variation in habitat selection breaks the catch‐22 of spatially contrasting predation risk from multiple predators Lone, Karen Mysterud, Atle Gobakken, Terje Odden, John Linnell, John Loe, Leif Egil Research Council of Norway Norwegian Environment Agency Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Nature Protection Division of the County Governor's Office Norwegian University of Life Sciences 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/oik.03486 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Foik.03486 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/oik.03486 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Oikos volume 126, issue 5, page 624-632 ISSN 0030-1299 1600-0706 journal-article 2016 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.03486 2024-06-06T04:23:21Z Predator avoidance depends on prey being able to discern how risk varies in space and time, but this is made considerably more complicated if risk is simultaneously present from multiple predators. This is the situation for an increasing number of mammalian prey species, as large carnivores recover or are reintroduced in ecosystems on several continents. Roe deer Capreolus capreolus in southern Norway illustrate a case in which prey face two predators with contrasting patterns of predation risk. They face a catch‐22 situation: spatially avoiding the risk from one predator (lynx Lynx lynx in dense habitat) implies exposure to the other (hunters in open habitat). Using GPS‐data from 29 roe deer, we tested for daily and seasonal variation in roe deer selection for habitat with respect to the habitats’ year‐round average risk level. Generally, roe deer altered their habitat selection between night and day in a pattern consistent with being able to avoid predicted risk from the nocturnal lynx during night and predicted risk from human hunters during day. However, seasonal variation in habitat selection only partially corresponded with the predicted seasonal variation in risk. Whereas roe deer avoided areas with high risk from hunters more strongly during the hunting season than in other seasons, there was a lack of selection towards areas and time periods lowering the risk of lynx predation during winter. It seems likely that the risk of starvation and thermal stress constrain roe deer habitat selection during this energetically challenging season with cold temperatures, snow cover and limited natural forage. The habitat selection pattern of roe deer fits thus only partly with the two contrasting risk gradients they face. Adjusting risk‐avoidance behavior temporally can be an adaptive response in the case of several predators whose predation patterns differ in space and time. Article in Journal/Newspaper Lynx Lynx lynx lynx Wiley Online Library Norway Oikos 126 5 624 632 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Predator avoidance depends on prey being able to discern how risk varies in space and time, but this is made considerably more complicated if risk is simultaneously present from multiple predators. This is the situation for an increasing number of mammalian prey species, as large carnivores recover or are reintroduced in ecosystems on several continents. Roe deer Capreolus capreolus in southern Norway illustrate a case in which prey face two predators with contrasting patterns of predation risk. They face a catch‐22 situation: spatially avoiding the risk from one predator (lynx Lynx lynx in dense habitat) implies exposure to the other (hunters in open habitat). Using GPS‐data from 29 roe deer, we tested for daily and seasonal variation in roe deer selection for habitat with respect to the habitats’ year‐round average risk level. Generally, roe deer altered their habitat selection between night and day in a pattern consistent with being able to avoid predicted risk from the nocturnal lynx during night and predicted risk from human hunters during day. However, seasonal variation in habitat selection only partially corresponded with the predicted seasonal variation in risk. Whereas roe deer avoided areas with high risk from hunters more strongly during the hunting season than in other seasons, there was a lack of selection towards areas and time periods lowering the risk of lynx predation during winter. It seems likely that the risk of starvation and thermal stress constrain roe deer habitat selection during this energetically challenging season with cold temperatures, snow cover and limited natural forage. The habitat selection pattern of roe deer fits thus only partly with the two contrasting risk gradients they face. Adjusting risk‐avoidance behavior temporally can be an adaptive response in the case of several predators whose predation patterns differ in space and time. |
author2 |
Research Council of Norway Norwegian Environment Agency Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Nature Protection Division of the County Governor's Office Norwegian University of Life Sciences |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lone, Karen Mysterud, Atle Gobakken, Terje Odden, John Linnell, John Loe, Leif Egil |
spellingShingle |
Lone, Karen Mysterud, Atle Gobakken, Terje Odden, John Linnell, John Loe, Leif Egil Temporal variation in habitat selection breaks the catch‐22 of spatially contrasting predation risk from multiple predators |
author_facet |
Lone, Karen Mysterud, Atle Gobakken, Terje Odden, John Linnell, John Loe, Leif Egil |
author_sort |
Lone, Karen |
title |
Temporal variation in habitat selection breaks the catch‐22 of spatially contrasting predation risk from multiple predators |
title_short |
Temporal variation in habitat selection breaks the catch‐22 of spatially contrasting predation risk from multiple predators |
title_full |
Temporal variation in habitat selection breaks the catch‐22 of spatially contrasting predation risk from multiple predators |
title_fullStr |
Temporal variation in habitat selection breaks the catch‐22 of spatially contrasting predation risk from multiple predators |
title_full_unstemmed |
Temporal variation in habitat selection breaks the catch‐22 of spatially contrasting predation risk from multiple predators |
title_sort |
temporal variation in habitat selection breaks the catch‐22 of spatially contrasting predation risk from multiple predators |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/oik.03486 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Foik.03486 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/oik.03486 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Lynx Lynx lynx lynx |
genre_facet |
Lynx Lynx lynx lynx |
op_source |
Oikos volume 126, issue 5, page 624-632 ISSN 0030-1299 1600-0706 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.03486 |
container_title |
Oikos |
container_volume |
126 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
624 |
op_container_end_page |
632 |
_version_ |
1802651198097981440 |