Whole genome population structure of North Atlantic kelp confirms high‐latitude glacial refugia
Abstract Coastal refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum (~21,000 years ago) have been hypothesized at high latitudes in the North Atlantic, suggesting marine populations persisted through cycles of glaciation and are potentially adapted to local environments. Here, whole‐genome sequencing was used...
Published in: | Molecular Ecology |
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.16714 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/mec.16714 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/mec.16714 |
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crwiley:10.1111/mec.16714 2024-06-23T07:52:38+00:00 Whole genome population structure of North Atlantic kelp confirms high‐latitude glacial refugia Bringloe, Trevor T. Fort, Antoine Inaba, Masami Sulpice, Ronan Ghriofa, Cliodhna Ní Mols‐Mortensen, Agnes Filbee‐Dexter, Karen Vieira, Christophe Kawai, Hiroshi Hanyuda, Takeaki Krause‐Jensen, Dorte Olesen, Birgit Starko, Samuel Verbruggen, Heroen ArcticNet Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond Norges Forskningsråd 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.16714 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/mec.16714 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/mec.16714 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Molecular Ecology volume 31, issue 24, page 6473-6488 ISSN 0962-1083 1365-294X journal-article 2022 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16714 2024-05-31T08:14:41Z Abstract Coastal refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum (~21,000 years ago) have been hypothesized at high latitudes in the North Atlantic, suggesting marine populations persisted through cycles of glaciation and are potentially adapted to local environments. Here, whole‐genome sequencing was used to test whether North Atlantic marine coastal populations of the kelp Alaria esculenta survived in the area of southwestern Greenland during the Last Glacial Maximum. We present the first annotated genome for A. esculenta and call variant positions in 54 individuals from populations in Atlantic Canada, Greenland, Faroe Islands, Norway and Ireland. Differentiation across populations was reflected in ~1.9 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, which further revealed mixed ancestry in the Faroe Islands individuals between putative Greenlandic and European lineages. Time‐calibrated organellar phylogenies suggested Greenlandic populations were established during the last interglacial period more than 100,000 years ago, and that the Faroe Islands population was probably established following the Last Glacial Maximum. Patterns in population statistics, including nucleotide diversity, minor allele frequencies, heterozygosity and linkage disequilibrium decay, nonetheless suggested glaciation reduced Canadian Atlantic and Greenlandic populations to small effective sizes during the most recent glaciation. Functional differentiation was further reflected in exon read coverage, which revealed expansions unique to Greenland in 337 exons representing 162 genes, and a modest degree of exon loss (103 exons from 56 genes). Altogether, our genomic results provide strong evidence that A. esculenta populations were resilient to past climatic fluctuations related to glaciations and that high‐latitude populations are potentially already adapted to local conditions as a result. Article in Journal/Newspaper Faroe Islands Greenland greenlandic North Atlantic Wiley Online Library Faroe Islands Canada Greenland Norway Molecular Ecology 31 24 6473 6488 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Coastal refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum (~21,000 years ago) have been hypothesized at high latitudes in the North Atlantic, suggesting marine populations persisted through cycles of glaciation and are potentially adapted to local environments. Here, whole‐genome sequencing was used to test whether North Atlantic marine coastal populations of the kelp Alaria esculenta survived in the area of southwestern Greenland during the Last Glacial Maximum. We present the first annotated genome for A. esculenta and call variant positions in 54 individuals from populations in Atlantic Canada, Greenland, Faroe Islands, Norway and Ireland. Differentiation across populations was reflected in ~1.9 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, which further revealed mixed ancestry in the Faroe Islands individuals between putative Greenlandic and European lineages. Time‐calibrated organellar phylogenies suggested Greenlandic populations were established during the last interglacial period more than 100,000 years ago, and that the Faroe Islands population was probably established following the Last Glacial Maximum. Patterns in population statistics, including nucleotide diversity, minor allele frequencies, heterozygosity and linkage disequilibrium decay, nonetheless suggested glaciation reduced Canadian Atlantic and Greenlandic populations to small effective sizes during the most recent glaciation. Functional differentiation was further reflected in exon read coverage, which revealed expansions unique to Greenland in 337 exons representing 162 genes, and a modest degree of exon loss (103 exons from 56 genes). Altogether, our genomic results provide strong evidence that A. esculenta populations were resilient to past climatic fluctuations related to glaciations and that high‐latitude populations are potentially already adapted to local conditions as a result. |
author2 |
ArcticNet Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond Norges Forskningsråd |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bringloe, Trevor T. Fort, Antoine Inaba, Masami Sulpice, Ronan Ghriofa, Cliodhna Ní Mols‐Mortensen, Agnes Filbee‐Dexter, Karen Vieira, Christophe Kawai, Hiroshi Hanyuda, Takeaki Krause‐Jensen, Dorte Olesen, Birgit Starko, Samuel Verbruggen, Heroen |
spellingShingle |
Bringloe, Trevor T. Fort, Antoine Inaba, Masami Sulpice, Ronan Ghriofa, Cliodhna Ní Mols‐Mortensen, Agnes Filbee‐Dexter, Karen Vieira, Christophe Kawai, Hiroshi Hanyuda, Takeaki Krause‐Jensen, Dorte Olesen, Birgit Starko, Samuel Verbruggen, Heroen Whole genome population structure of North Atlantic kelp confirms high‐latitude glacial refugia |
author_facet |
Bringloe, Trevor T. Fort, Antoine Inaba, Masami Sulpice, Ronan Ghriofa, Cliodhna Ní Mols‐Mortensen, Agnes Filbee‐Dexter, Karen Vieira, Christophe Kawai, Hiroshi Hanyuda, Takeaki Krause‐Jensen, Dorte Olesen, Birgit Starko, Samuel Verbruggen, Heroen |
author_sort |
Bringloe, Trevor T. |
title |
Whole genome population structure of North Atlantic kelp confirms high‐latitude glacial refugia |
title_short |
Whole genome population structure of North Atlantic kelp confirms high‐latitude glacial refugia |
title_full |
Whole genome population structure of North Atlantic kelp confirms high‐latitude glacial refugia |
title_fullStr |
Whole genome population structure of North Atlantic kelp confirms high‐latitude glacial refugia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Whole genome population structure of North Atlantic kelp confirms high‐latitude glacial refugia |
title_sort |
whole genome population structure of north atlantic kelp confirms high‐latitude glacial refugia |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.16714 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/mec.16714 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/mec.16714 |
geographic |
Faroe Islands Canada Greenland Norway |
geographic_facet |
Faroe Islands Canada Greenland Norway |
genre |
Faroe Islands Greenland greenlandic North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Faroe Islands Greenland greenlandic North Atlantic |
op_source |
Molecular Ecology volume 31, issue 24, page 6473-6488 ISSN 0962-1083 1365-294X |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16714 |
container_title |
Molecular Ecology |
container_volume |
31 |
container_issue |
24 |
container_start_page |
6473 |
op_container_end_page |
6488 |
_version_ |
1802643993322848256 |