Circumpolar phylogeography and demographic history of beluga whales reflect past climatic fluctuations
Abstract Several Arctic marine mammal species are predicted to be negatively impacted by rapid sea ice loss associated with ongoing ocean warming. However, consequences for Arctic whales remain uncertain. To investigate how Arctic whales responded to past climatic fluctuations, we analysed 206 mitoc...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.15915 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/mec.15915 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/mec.15915 |
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crwiley:10.1111/mec.15915 2024-04-28T08:07:19+00:00 Circumpolar phylogeography and demographic history of beluga whales reflect past climatic fluctuations Skovrind, Mikkel Louis, Marie Westbury, Michael V. Garilao, Cristina Kaschner, Kristin Castruita, José Alfredo Samaniego Gopalakrishnan, Shyam Knudsen, Steen Wilhelm Haile, James S. Dalén, Love Meshchersky, Ilya G. Shpak, Olga V. Glazov, Dmitry M. Rozhnov, Viatcheslav V. Litovka, Dennis I. Krasnova, Vera V. Chernetsky, Anton D. Bel‘kovich, Vsevolod M. Lydersen, Christian Kovacs, Kit M. Heide‐Jørgensen, Mads Peter Postma, Lianne Ferguson, Steven H. Lorenzen, Eline D. 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.15915 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/mec.15915 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/mec.15915 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Molecular Ecology volume 30, issue 11, page 2543-2559 ISSN 0962-1083 1365-294X Genetics Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics journal-article 2021 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15915 2024-04-02T08:44:50Z Abstract Several Arctic marine mammal species are predicted to be negatively impacted by rapid sea ice loss associated with ongoing ocean warming. However, consequences for Arctic whales remain uncertain. To investigate how Arctic whales responded to past climatic fluctuations, we analysed 206 mitochondrial genomes from beluga whales ( Delphinapterus leucas ) sampled across their circumpolar range, and four nuclear genomes, covering both the Atlantic and the Pacific Arctic region. We found four well‐differentiated mitochondrial lineages, which were established before the onset of the last glacial expansion ~110 thousand years ago. Our findings suggested these lineages diverged in allopatry, reflecting isolation of populations during glacial periods when the Arctic sea‐shelf was covered by multiyear sea ice. Subsequent population expansion and secondary contact between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans shaped the current geographic distribution of lineages, and may have facilitated mitochondrial introgression. Our demographic reconstructions based on both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes showed markedly lower population sizes during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) compared to the preceding Eemian and current Holocene interglacial periods. Habitat modelling similarly revealed less suitable habitat during the LGM (glacial) than at present (interglacial). Together, our findings suggested the association between climate, population size, and available habitat in belugas. Forecasts for year 2100 showed that beluga habitat will decrease and shift northwards as oceans continue to warm, putatively leading to population declines in some beluga populations. Finally, we identified vulnerable populations which, if extirpated as a consequence of ocean warming, will lead to a substantial decline of species‐wide haplotype diversity. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Beluga Beluga* Delphinapterus leucas Pacific Arctic Sea ice Wiley Online Library Molecular Ecology 30 11 2543 2559 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
topic |
Genetics Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
spellingShingle |
Genetics Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Skovrind, Mikkel Louis, Marie Westbury, Michael V. Garilao, Cristina Kaschner, Kristin Castruita, José Alfredo Samaniego Gopalakrishnan, Shyam Knudsen, Steen Wilhelm Haile, James S. Dalén, Love Meshchersky, Ilya G. Shpak, Olga V. Glazov, Dmitry M. Rozhnov, Viatcheslav V. Litovka, Dennis I. Krasnova, Vera V. Chernetsky, Anton D. Bel‘kovich, Vsevolod M. Lydersen, Christian Kovacs, Kit M. Heide‐Jørgensen, Mads Peter Postma, Lianne Ferguson, Steven H. Lorenzen, Eline D. Circumpolar phylogeography and demographic history of beluga whales reflect past climatic fluctuations |
topic_facet |
Genetics Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
description |
Abstract Several Arctic marine mammal species are predicted to be negatively impacted by rapid sea ice loss associated with ongoing ocean warming. However, consequences for Arctic whales remain uncertain. To investigate how Arctic whales responded to past climatic fluctuations, we analysed 206 mitochondrial genomes from beluga whales ( Delphinapterus leucas ) sampled across their circumpolar range, and four nuclear genomes, covering both the Atlantic and the Pacific Arctic region. We found four well‐differentiated mitochondrial lineages, which were established before the onset of the last glacial expansion ~110 thousand years ago. Our findings suggested these lineages diverged in allopatry, reflecting isolation of populations during glacial periods when the Arctic sea‐shelf was covered by multiyear sea ice. Subsequent population expansion and secondary contact between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans shaped the current geographic distribution of lineages, and may have facilitated mitochondrial introgression. Our demographic reconstructions based on both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes showed markedly lower population sizes during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) compared to the preceding Eemian and current Holocene interglacial periods. Habitat modelling similarly revealed less suitable habitat during the LGM (glacial) than at present (interglacial). Together, our findings suggested the association between climate, population size, and available habitat in belugas. Forecasts for year 2100 showed that beluga habitat will decrease and shift northwards as oceans continue to warm, putatively leading to population declines in some beluga populations. Finally, we identified vulnerable populations which, if extirpated as a consequence of ocean warming, will lead to a substantial decline of species‐wide haplotype diversity. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Skovrind, Mikkel Louis, Marie Westbury, Michael V. Garilao, Cristina Kaschner, Kristin Castruita, José Alfredo Samaniego Gopalakrishnan, Shyam Knudsen, Steen Wilhelm Haile, James S. Dalén, Love Meshchersky, Ilya G. Shpak, Olga V. Glazov, Dmitry M. Rozhnov, Viatcheslav V. Litovka, Dennis I. Krasnova, Vera V. Chernetsky, Anton D. Bel‘kovich, Vsevolod M. Lydersen, Christian Kovacs, Kit M. Heide‐Jørgensen, Mads Peter Postma, Lianne Ferguson, Steven H. Lorenzen, Eline D. |
author_facet |
Skovrind, Mikkel Louis, Marie Westbury, Michael V. Garilao, Cristina Kaschner, Kristin Castruita, José Alfredo Samaniego Gopalakrishnan, Shyam Knudsen, Steen Wilhelm Haile, James S. Dalén, Love Meshchersky, Ilya G. Shpak, Olga V. Glazov, Dmitry M. Rozhnov, Viatcheslav V. Litovka, Dennis I. Krasnova, Vera V. Chernetsky, Anton D. Bel‘kovich, Vsevolod M. Lydersen, Christian Kovacs, Kit M. Heide‐Jørgensen, Mads Peter Postma, Lianne Ferguson, Steven H. Lorenzen, Eline D. |
author_sort |
Skovrind, Mikkel |
title |
Circumpolar phylogeography and demographic history of beluga whales reflect past climatic fluctuations |
title_short |
Circumpolar phylogeography and demographic history of beluga whales reflect past climatic fluctuations |
title_full |
Circumpolar phylogeography and demographic history of beluga whales reflect past climatic fluctuations |
title_fullStr |
Circumpolar phylogeography and demographic history of beluga whales reflect past climatic fluctuations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Circumpolar phylogeography and demographic history of beluga whales reflect past climatic fluctuations |
title_sort |
circumpolar phylogeography and demographic history of beluga whales reflect past climatic fluctuations |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.15915 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/mec.15915 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/mec.15915 |
genre |
Arctic Beluga Beluga* Delphinapterus leucas Pacific Arctic Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Beluga Beluga* Delphinapterus leucas Pacific Arctic Sea ice |
op_source |
Molecular Ecology volume 30, issue 11, page 2543-2559 ISSN 0962-1083 1365-294X |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15915 |
container_title |
Molecular Ecology |
container_volume |
30 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
2543 |
op_container_end_page |
2559 |
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1797576488218787840 |