Adverse effects of Diptera flies on northern ungulates: Rangifer , Alces , and Bison
Abstract Flies (Diptera) damage ungulates far beyond the injury of their bite wounds: they are vectors of diseases and cause ungulates to lose foraging opportunities due to avoidance behaviour. We can use the behavioural and physiological responses of bison Bison spp. (Artiodactyla: Bovidae), caribo...
Published in: | Mammal Review |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Wiley
2022
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mam.12287 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/mam.12287 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/mam.12287 |
id |
crwiley:10.1111/mam.12287 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
crwiley:10.1111/mam.12287 2024-03-31T07:47:56+00:00 Adverse effects of Diptera flies on northern ungulates: Rangifer , Alces , and Bison Benedict, Bridgett M. Barboza, Perry S. 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mam.12287 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/mam.12287 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/mam.12287 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Mammal Review volume 52, issue 3, page 425-437 ISSN 0305-1838 1365-2907 Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics journal-article 2022 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12287 2024-03-04T13:01:54Z Abstract Flies (Diptera) damage ungulates far beyond the injury of their bite wounds: they are vectors of diseases and cause ungulates to lose foraging opportunities due to avoidance behaviour. We can use the behavioural and physiological responses of bison Bison spp. (Artiodactyla: Bovidae), caribou/reindeer Rangifer tarandus (Artiodactyla: Cervidae), and moose/elk Alces alces (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) to assess the impacts of flies on these ungulates. Ungulates rely on morphological and physiological resistance to flies at low intensities of exposure. However, as fly exposure increases, ungulates begin to react with behavioural avoidance in addition to increasing their physiological response. Rangifer tarandus are highly sensitive to flies and respond quickly to their presence by avoidance behaviours that incur fitness costs through reduced body mass. Alces alces are less reactive to fly exposure, enduring the presence of flies and maintaining a low loss of fitness, sometimes dying from the cumulative effects of exposure. Bison spp. may use a facultative strategy that depends upon the prevalence of flies and associated diseases in their environment. Among these strategies, variables such as the type of fly bite, presence and degree of infection, and heritability of resistance affect individual host survival. Relationships between flies and ungulates can integrate multiple scales of organisation in the ecosystem to reflect system stability. Climate change is predicted to alter the species composition and seasonal phenology of flies and the associated effects of wounding and vector‐borne disease on ungulate populations that are central to the functions of Arctic and temperate ecosystems in the Northern Hemisphere. Article in Journal/Newspaper Alces alces Arctic caribou Climate change elk Moose Rangifer tarandus Wiley Online Library Arctic Mammal Review 52 3 425 437 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
topic |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
spellingShingle |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Benedict, Bridgett M. Barboza, Perry S. Adverse effects of Diptera flies on northern ungulates: Rangifer , Alces , and Bison |
topic_facet |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
description |
Abstract Flies (Diptera) damage ungulates far beyond the injury of their bite wounds: they are vectors of diseases and cause ungulates to lose foraging opportunities due to avoidance behaviour. We can use the behavioural and physiological responses of bison Bison spp. (Artiodactyla: Bovidae), caribou/reindeer Rangifer tarandus (Artiodactyla: Cervidae), and moose/elk Alces alces (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) to assess the impacts of flies on these ungulates. Ungulates rely on morphological and physiological resistance to flies at low intensities of exposure. However, as fly exposure increases, ungulates begin to react with behavioural avoidance in addition to increasing their physiological response. Rangifer tarandus are highly sensitive to flies and respond quickly to their presence by avoidance behaviours that incur fitness costs through reduced body mass. Alces alces are less reactive to fly exposure, enduring the presence of flies and maintaining a low loss of fitness, sometimes dying from the cumulative effects of exposure. Bison spp. may use a facultative strategy that depends upon the prevalence of flies and associated diseases in their environment. Among these strategies, variables such as the type of fly bite, presence and degree of infection, and heritability of resistance affect individual host survival. Relationships between flies and ungulates can integrate multiple scales of organisation in the ecosystem to reflect system stability. Climate change is predicted to alter the species composition and seasonal phenology of flies and the associated effects of wounding and vector‐borne disease on ungulate populations that are central to the functions of Arctic and temperate ecosystems in the Northern Hemisphere. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Benedict, Bridgett M. Barboza, Perry S. |
author_facet |
Benedict, Bridgett M. Barboza, Perry S. |
author_sort |
Benedict, Bridgett M. |
title |
Adverse effects of Diptera flies on northern ungulates: Rangifer , Alces , and Bison |
title_short |
Adverse effects of Diptera flies on northern ungulates: Rangifer , Alces , and Bison |
title_full |
Adverse effects of Diptera flies on northern ungulates: Rangifer , Alces , and Bison |
title_fullStr |
Adverse effects of Diptera flies on northern ungulates: Rangifer , Alces , and Bison |
title_full_unstemmed |
Adverse effects of Diptera flies on northern ungulates: Rangifer , Alces , and Bison |
title_sort |
adverse effects of diptera flies on northern ungulates: rangifer , alces , and bison |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mam.12287 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/mam.12287 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/mam.12287 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Alces alces Arctic caribou Climate change elk Moose Rangifer tarandus |
genre_facet |
Alces alces Arctic caribou Climate change elk Moose Rangifer tarandus |
op_source |
Mammal Review volume 52, issue 3, page 425-437 ISSN 0305-1838 1365-2907 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12287 |
container_title |
Mammal Review |
container_volume |
52 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
425 |
op_container_end_page |
437 |
_version_ |
1795038494246043648 |