Different, but the same: Inferring the hunting behaviour of the hypercarnivorous bush dog ( Speothos venaticus) through finite element analysis
Abstract Cerdocyonina is a clade composed by the South‐American canids in which the bush dog ( Speothos venaticus ) is one of the most elusive species. Known for its unique morphology within the group, this small, bear‐like faced canid is the only member of the clade adapted to hypercarnivory, an al...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.13804 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/joa.13804 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/joa.13804 |
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crwiley:10.1111/joa.13804 2024-09-15T18:01:27+00:00 Different, but the same: Inferring the hunting behaviour of the hypercarnivorous bush dog ( Speothos venaticus) through finite element analysis Ruiz, Juan V. Ferreira, Gabriel S. Lautenschlager, Stephan de Castro, Mariela C. Montefeltro, Felipe C. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.13804 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/joa.13804 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/joa.13804 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Journal of Anatomy volume 242, issue 4, page 553-567 ISSN 0021-8782 1469-7580 journal-article 2022 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13804 2024-08-27T04:28:30Z Abstract Cerdocyonina is a clade composed by the South‐American canids in which the bush dog ( Speothos venaticus ) is one of the most elusive species. Known for its unique morphology within the group, this small, bear‐like faced canid is the only member of the clade adapted to hypercarnivory, an almost exclusively meat‐based diet currently present only in usually large, pack‐hunting canids such as the grey wolf ( Canis lupus ) . However, much of the biology of the bush dog is poorly understood, and inferences about its ecology, hunting strategies and diet are usually based on observation of captive individuals and anecdotal records, with reduced quantitative data to offer support. Here, we investigated the craniomandibular functional morphology of the bush dog through finite element analysis (FEA). FEA was employed to model the biting behaviour and to create extrinsic and intrinsic functional scenarios with different loads, corresponding to different bites used to subdue and process the prey. For comparison, the same modelling was applied to the skull of a grey wolf and a grey fox ( Urocyon cinereoargenteus ). Our analysis showed that the bush dog's responses to loading are more similar to the wolf's than to the fox's in most scenarios, suggesting a convergent craniomandibular functional morphology between these two hypercarnivorous species, despite their distinct phylogenetic positions and body sizes. Differences between the three taxa are noteworthy and suggested to be related to the size of the usual prey. The modelled bite force for the bush dog is relatively strong, about half of that estimated for the wolf and about 40% stronger than the fox's bite. The results strengthen with quantitative data the inferences of the bush dog as a pack‐hunting predator with prey size similar to its own, such as large rodents and armadillos, being specialised in subduing and killing its prey using multiple bites. Its similarity to the wolf also confirms anecdotal accounts of predation on mammals that are much larger than ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Canis lupus Wiley Online Library Journal of Anatomy 242 4 553 567 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Cerdocyonina is a clade composed by the South‐American canids in which the bush dog ( Speothos venaticus ) is one of the most elusive species. Known for its unique morphology within the group, this small, bear‐like faced canid is the only member of the clade adapted to hypercarnivory, an almost exclusively meat‐based diet currently present only in usually large, pack‐hunting canids such as the grey wolf ( Canis lupus ) . However, much of the biology of the bush dog is poorly understood, and inferences about its ecology, hunting strategies and diet are usually based on observation of captive individuals and anecdotal records, with reduced quantitative data to offer support. Here, we investigated the craniomandibular functional morphology of the bush dog through finite element analysis (FEA). FEA was employed to model the biting behaviour and to create extrinsic and intrinsic functional scenarios with different loads, corresponding to different bites used to subdue and process the prey. For comparison, the same modelling was applied to the skull of a grey wolf and a grey fox ( Urocyon cinereoargenteus ). Our analysis showed that the bush dog's responses to loading are more similar to the wolf's than to the fox's in most scenarios, suggesting a convergent craniomandibular functional morphology between these two hypercarnivorous species, despite their distinct phylogenetic positions and body sizes. Differences between the three taxa are noteworthy and suggested to be related to the size of the usual prey. The modelled bite force for the bush dog is relatively strong, about half of that estimated for the wolf and about 40% stronger than the fox's bite. The results strengthen with quantitative data the inferences of the bush dog as a pack‐hunting predator with prey size similar to its own, such as large rodents and armadillos, being specialised in subduing and killing its prey using multiple bites. Its similarity to the wolf also confirms anecdotal accounts of predation on mammals that are much larger than ... |
author2 |
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ruiz, Juan V. Ferreira, Gabriel S. Lautenschlager, Stephan de Castro, Mariela C. Montefeltro, Felipe C. |
spellingShingle |
Ruiz, Juan V. Ferreira, Gabriel S. Lautenschlager, Stephan de Castro, Mariela C. Montefeltro, Felipe C. Different, but the same: Inferring the hunting behaviour of the hypercarnivorous bush dog ( Speothos venaticus) through finite element analysis |
author_facet |
Ruiz, Juan V. Ferreira, Gabriel S. Lautenschlager, Stephan de Castro, Mariela C. Montefeltro, Felipe C. |
author_sort |
Ruiz, Juan V. |
title |
Different, but the same: Inferring the hunting behaviour of the hypercarnivorous bush dog ( Speothos venaticus) through finite element analysis |
title_short |
Different, but the same: Inferring the hunting behaviour of the hypercarnivorous bush dog ( Speothos venaticus) through finite element analysis |
title_full |
Different, but the same: Inferring the hunting behaviour of the hypercarnivorous bush dog ( Speothos venaticus) through finite element analysis |
title_fullStr |
Different, but the same: Inferring the hunting behaviour of the hypercarnivorous bush dog ( Speothos venaticus) through finite element analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Different, but the same: Inferring the hunting behaviour of the hypercarnivorous bush dog ( Speothos venaticus) through finite element analysis |
title_sort |
different, but the same: inferring the hunting behaviour of the hypercarnivorous bush dog ( speothos venaticus) through finite element analysis |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.13804 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/joa.13804 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/joa.13804 |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_source |
Journal of Anatomy volume 242, issue 4, page 553-567 ISSN 0021-8782 1469-7580 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13804 |
container_title |
Journal of Anatomy |
container_volume |
242 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
553 |
op_container_end_page |
567 |
_version_ |
1810438603855101952 |