Deciphering the pathogenesis of melanized focal changes in the white skeletal muscle of farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar)
Abstract Melanized focal changes (MFCs) in the fillet of farmed Atlantic salmon is a major quality concern. The changes are thought to initially appear as acute red focal changes (RFCs) that progress into chronic MFCs. Recent findings have indicated that hypoxia may be important in their development...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13988 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jfd.13988 |
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crwiley:10.1111/jfd.13988 2024-10-13T14:06:04+00:00 Deciphering the pathogenesis of melanized focal changes in the white skeletal muscle of farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) Bjørgen, Håvard Brimsholm, Malin Asserson, Charlotte Finstad Skaar, Kirstin Knutsen, Geir Magne Oaland, Øyvind Haldorsen, Randi Fjelldal, Per Gunnar Hansen, Tom Rimstad, Espen Kleist, Britta Andrea Lund‐Iversen, Marius Kowalewski, Mariusz Pawel Koppang, Erling Olaf Fiskeri - og havbruksnæringens forskningsfond 2024 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13988 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jfd.13988 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Journal of Fish Diseases volume 47, issue 10 ISSN 0140-7775 1365-2761 journal-article 2024 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13988 2024-09-17T04:45:22Z Abstract Melanized focal changes (MFCs) in the fillet of farmed Atlantic salmon is a major quality concern. The changes are thought to initially appear as acute red focal changes (RFCs) that progress into chronic MFCs. Recent findings have indicated that hypoxia may be important in their development, possibly leading to necrosis affecting not only myocytes but also adipocytes. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate possible hypoxic conditions in RFCs and the subsequent inflammatory responses and lesions in the adipose tissue in RFCs and MFCs. A collection of RFCs, MFCs and control muscle samples from several groups of farmed salmon was studied. Using immunohistochemistry, we found induction of the hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 pathway in RFCs. Histological investigations of RFCs and MFCs revealed different stages of fat necrosis, including necrotic adipocytes, a myospherulosis‐like reaction and the formation of pseudocystic spaces. Accumulations of foamy macrophages were detected in MFCs, indicating degradation and phagocytosis of lipids. Using in situ hybridization, we showed the presence of tyrosinase‐ and tyrosinase‐related protein‐1‐expressing amelanotic cells in RFCs, which in turn became melanized in MFCs. In conclusion, we propose a sequence of events leading to the formation of MFCs, highlighting the pivotal role of adiposity, hypoxia and fat necrosis. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Wiley Online Library Journal of Fish Diseases |
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Wiley Online Library |
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English |
description |
Abstract Melanized focal changes (MFCs) in the fillet of farmed Atlantic salmon is a major quality concern. The changes are thought to initially appear as acute red focal changes (RFCs) that progress into chronic MFCs. Recent findings have indicated that hypoxia may be important in their development, possibly leading to necrosis affecting not only myocytes but also adipocytes. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate possible hypoxic conditions in RFCs and the subsequent inflammatory responses and lesions in the adipose tissue in RFCs and MFCs. A collection of RFCs, MFCs and control muscle samples from several groups of farmed salmon was studied. Using immunohistochemistry, we found induction of the hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 pathway in RFCs. Histological investigations of RFCs and MFCs revealed different stages of fat necrosis, including necrotic adipocytes, a myospherulosis‐like reaction and the formation of pseudocystic spaces. Accumulations of foamy macrophages were detected in MFCs, indicating degradation and phagocytosis of lipids. Using in situ hybridization, we showed the presence of tyrosinase‐ and tyrosinase‐related protein‐1‐expressing amelanotic cells in RFCs, which in turn became melanized in MFCs. In conclusion, we propose a sequence of events leading to the formation of MFCs, highlighting the pivotal role of adiposity, hypoxia and fat necrosis. |
author2 |
Fiskeri - og havbruksnæringens forskningsfond |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bjørgen, Håvard Brimsholm, Malin Asserson, Charlotte Finstad Skaar, Kirstin Knutsen, Geir Magne Oaland, Øyvind Haldorsen, Randi Fjelldal, Per Gunnar Hansen, Tom Rimstad, Espen Kleist, Britta Andrea Lund‐Iversen, Marius Kowalewski, Mariusz Pawel Koppang, Erling Olaf |
spellingShingle |
Bjørgen, Håvard Brimsholm, Malin Asserson, Charlotte Finstad Skaar, Kirstin Knutsen, Geir Magne Oaland, Øyvind Haldorsen, Randi Fjelldal, Per Gunnar Hansen, Tom Rimstad, Espen Kleist, Britta Andrea Lund‐Iversen, Marius Kowalewski, Mariusz Pawel Koppang, Erling Olaf Deciphering the pathogenesis of melanized focal changes in the white skeletal muscle of farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) |
author_facet |
Bjørgen, Håvard Brimsholm, Malin Asserson, Charlotte Finstad Skaar, Kirstin Knutsen, Geir Magne Oaland, Øyvind Haldorsen, Randi Fjelldal, Per Gunnar Hansen, Tom Rimstad, Espen Kleist, Britta Andrea Lund‐Iversen, Marius Kowalewski, Mariusz Pawel Koppang, Erling Olaf |
author_sort |
Bjørgen, Håvard |
title |
Deciphering the pathogenesis of melanized focal changes in the white skeletal muscle of farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) |
title_short |
Deciphering the pathogenesis of melanized focal changes in the white skeletal muscle of farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) |
title_full |
Deciphering the pathogenesis of melanized focal changes in the white skeletal muscle of farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) |
title_fullStr |
Deciphering the pathogenesis of melanized focal changes in the white skeletal muscle of farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Deciphering the pathogenesis of melanized focal changes in the white skeletal muscle of farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) |
title_sort |
deciphering the pathogenesis of melanized focal changes in the white skeletal muscle of farmed atlantic salmon ( salmo salar) |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13988 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jfd.13988 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Journal of Fish Diseases volume 47, issue 10 ISSN 0140-7775 1365-2761 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13988 |
container_title |
Journal of Fish Diseases |
_version_ |
1812812119195779072 |