Characterization of early phases of cardiomyopathy syndrome pathogenesis in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) through various diagnostic methods
Abstract Since the first description of cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) in Atlantic salmon, in 1985, the disease caused by piscine myocarditisvirus (PMCV) has become a common problem in Atlantic salmon farming, not only in Norway, but also in other salmon farming countries like Scotland and Ireland. I...
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crwiley:10.1111/jfd.13659 2024-09-15T17:56:05+00:00 Characterization of early phases of cardiomyopathy syndrome pathogenesis in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) through various diagnostic methods Fritsvold, Camilla Mikalsen, Aase B. Haugland, Øyvind Tartor, Haitham Sindre, Hilde 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13659 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jfd.13659 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/jfd.13659 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Journal of Fish Diseases volume 45, issue 9, page 1267-1279 ISSN 0140-7775 1365-2761 journal-article 2022 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13659 2024-07-23T04:11:17Z Abstract Since the first description of cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) in Atlantic salmon, in 1985, the disease caused by piscine myocarditisvirus (PMCV) has become a common problem in Atlantic salmon farming, not only in Norway, but also in other salmon farming countries like Scotland and Ireland. In the last years, CMS has been ranked as the most important salmon viral disease in Norway regarding both mortality and economic losses. Detailed knowledge of infection and pathogenesis is still lacking, a decade after the causal agent was first described, and there is a need for a wider range of methods/tools for diagnostic and research purposes. In this study, we compared the detection of PMCV‐ and CMS‐related tissue lesions using previously used and well‐known methods like histopathology and real‐time RT‐PCR to immunohistochemistry (IHC), a less used method, and a new method, RNAscope in situ hybridization. Tissue samples of three different cardiac compartments, mid‐kidney and skin/muscle tissue were compared with non‐lethal parallel samplings of blood and mucus. The development of pathological cardiac lesions observed in this experiment was in accordance with previous descriptions of CMS. Our results indicate a viremic phase 10‐ to 20‐day post‐challenge (dpc) preceding the cardiac lesions. In this early phase, virus could also be detected in relatively high amount in mid‐kidney by real‐time RT‐PCR. Plasma and/or mid‐kidney samples may, therefore, be candidates to screen for early‐phase PMCV infection. The RNAscope in situ hybridization method showed higher sensitivity and robustness compared with the immunohistochemistry and may be a valuable support to histopathology in CMS diagnostics, especially in cases of untypical lesions or mixed infections. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Wiley Online Library Journal of Fish Diseases 45 9 1267 1279 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Since the first description of cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) in Atlantic salmon, in 1985, the disease caused by piscine myocarditisvirus (PMCV) has become a common problem in Atlantic salmon farming, not only in Norway, but also in other salmon farming countries like Scotland and Ireland. In the last years, CMS has been ranked as the most important salmon viral disease in Norway regarding both mortality and economic losses. Detailed knowledge of infection and pathogenesis is still lacking, a decade after the causal agent was first described, and there is a need for a wider range of methods/tools for diagnostic and research purposes. In this study, we compared the detection of PMCV‐ and CMS‐related tissue lesions using previously used and well‐known methods like histopathology and real‐time RT‐PCR to immunohistochemistry (IHC), a less used method, and a new method, RNAscope in situ hybridization. Tissue samples of three different cardiac compartments, mid‐kidney and skin/muscle tissue were compared with non‐lethal parallel samplings of blood and mucus. The development of pathological cardiac lesions observed in this experiment was in accordance with previous descriptions of CMS. Our results indicate a viremic phase 10‐ to 20‐day post‐challenge (dpc) preceding the cardiac lesions. In this early phase, virus could also be detected in relatively high amount in mid‐kidney by real‐time RT‐PCR. Plasma and/or mid‐kidney samples may, therefore, be candidates to screen for early‐phase PMCV infection. The RNAscope in situ hybridization method showed higher sensitivity and robustness compared with the immunohistochemistry and may be a valuable support to histopathology in CMS diagnostics, especially in cases of untypical lesions or mixed infections. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Fritsvold, Camilla Mikalsen, Aase B. Haugland, Øyvind Tartor, Haitham Sindre, Hilde |
spellingShingle |
Fritsvold, Camilla Mikalsen, Aase B. Haugland, Øyvind Tartor, Haitham Sindre, Hilde Characterization of early phases of cardiomyopathy syndrome pathogenesis in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) through various diagnostic methods |
author_facet |
Fritsvold, Camilla Mikalsen, Aase B. Haugland, Øyvind Tartor, Haitham Sindre, Hilde |
author_sort |
Fritsvold, Camilla |
title |
Characterization of early phases of cardiomyopathy syndrome pathogenesis in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) through various diagnostic methods |
title_short |
Characterization of early phases of cardiomyopathy syndrome pathogenesis in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) through various diagnostic methods |
title_full |
Characterization of early phases of cardiomyopathy syndrome pathogenesis in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) through various diagnostic methods |
title_fullStr |
Characterization of early phases of cardiomyopathy syndrome pathogenesis in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) through various diagnostic methods |
title_full_unstemmed |
Characterization of early phases of cardiomyopathy syndrome pathogenesis in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) through various diagnostic methods |
title_sort |
characterization of early phases of cardiomyopathy syndrome pathogenesis in atlantic salmon ( salmo salar l.) through various diagnostic methods |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13659 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jfd.13659 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/jfd.13659 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Journal of Fish Diseases volume 45, issue 9, page 1267-1279 ISSN 0140-7775 1365-2761 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13659 |
container_title |
Journal of Fish Diseases |
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45 |
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9 |
container_start_page |
1267 |
op_container_end_page |
1279 |
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1810432300893077504 |