Salmon gill poxvirus, a recently characterized infectious agent of multifactorial gill disease in freshwater‐ and seawater‐reared Atlantic salmon
Abstract Gill diseases cause considerable losses in Norwegian salmon farming. In 2015, we characterized salmon gill poxvirus ( SGPV ) and associated gill disease. Using newly developed diagnostic tools, we show here that SGPV infection is more widely distributed than previously assumed. We present s...
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crwiley:10.1111/jfd.12608 2024-09-15T17:55:59+00:00 Salmon gill poxvirus, a recently characterized infectious agent of multifactorial gill disease in freshwater‐ and seawater‐reared Atlantic salmon Gjessing, M C Thoen, E Tengs, T Skotheim, S A Dale, O B Norges Forskningsråd 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12608 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fjfd.12608 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jfd.12608 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Journal of Fish Diseases volume 40, issue 10, page 1253-1265 ISSN 0140-7775 1365-2761 journal-article 2017 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12608 2024-08-13T04:13:32Z Abstract Gill diseases cause considerable losses in Norwegian salmon farming. In 2015, we characterized salmon gill poxvirus ( SGPV ) and associated gill disease. Using newly developed diagnostic tools, we show here that SGPV infection is more widely distributed than previously assumed. We present seven cases of complex gill disease in Atlantic salmon farmed in seawater and freshwater from different parts of Norway. Apoptosis, the hallmark of acute SGPV infection, was not easily observed in these cases, and qPCR analysis was critical for identification of the presence of SGPV . Several other agents including Costia‐like parasites, gill amoebas, Saprolegnia spp. and bacteria were observed. The studied populations experienced significant mortalities, which increased to extreme levels when severe SGPV infections coincided with smoltification. SGPV infection appears to affect the smoltification process directly by affecting the gills and chloride cells in particular. SGPV may be considered a primary pathogen as it was often found prior to identification of complex gill disease. It is hypothesized that SGPV ‐induced gill damage may impair innate immunity and allow invasion of secondary invaders. The distinct possibility that SGPV has been widely overlooked as a primary pathogen calls for extended use of SGPV qPCR in Atlantic salmon gill health management. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Wiley Online Library Journal of Fish Diseases 40 10 1253 1265 |
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Open Polar |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Gill diseases cause considerable losses in Norwegian salmon farming. In 2015, we characterized salmon gill poxvirus ( SGPV ) and associated gill disease. Using newly developed diagnostic tools, we show here that SGPV infection is more widely distributed than previously assumed. We present seven cases of complex gill disease in Atlantic salmon farmed in seawater and freshwater from different parts of Norway. Apoptosis, the hallmark of acute SGPV infection, was not easily observed in these cases, and qPCR analysis was critical for identification of the presence of SGPV . Several other agents including Costia‐like parasites, gill amoebas, Saprolegnia spp. and bacteria were observed. The studied populations experienced significant mortalities, which increased to extreme levels when severe SGPV infections coincided with smoltification. SGPV infection appears to affect the smoltification process directly by affecting the gills and chloride cells in particular. SGPV may be considered a primary pathogen as it was often found prior to identification of complex gill disease. It is hypothesized that SGPV ‐induced gill damage may impair innate immunity and allow invasion of secondary invaders. The distinct possibility that SGPV has been widely overlooked as a primary pathogen calls for extended use of SGPV qPCR in Atlantic salmon gill health management. |
author2 |
Norges Forskningsråd |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Gjessing, M C Thoen, E Tengs, T Skotheim, S A Dale, O B |
spellingShingle |
Gjessing, M C Thoen, E Tengs, T Skotheim, S A Dale, O B Salmon gill poxvirus, a recently characterized infectious agent of multifactorial gill disease in freshwater‐ and seawater‐reared Atlantic salmon |
author_facet |
Gjessing, M C Thoen, E Tengs, T Skotheim, S A Dale, O B |
author_sort |
Gjessing, M C |
title |
Salmon gill poxvirus, a recently characterized infectious agent of multifactorial gill disease in freshwater‐ and seawater‐reared Atlantic salmon |
title_short |
Salmon gill poxvirus, a recently characterized infectious agent of multifactorial gill disease in freshwater‐ and seawater‐reared Atlantic salmon |
title_full |
Salmon gill poxvirus, a recently characterized infectious agent of multifactorial gill disease in freshwater‐ and seawater‐reared Atlantic salmon |
title_fullStr |
Salmon gill poxvirus, a recently characterized infectious agent of multifactorial gill disease in freshwater‐ and seawater‐reared Atlantic salmon |
title_full_unstemmed |
Salmon gill poxvirus, a recently characterized infectious agent of multifactorial gill disease in freshwater‐ and seawater‐reared Atlantic salmon |
title_sort |
salmon gill poxvirus, a recently characterized infectious agent of multifactorial gill disease in freshwater‐ and seawater‐reared atlantic salmon |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12608 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fjfd.12608 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jfd.12608 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_source |
Journal of Fish Diseases volume 40, issue 10, page 1253-1265 ISSN 0140-7775 1365-2761 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12608 |
container_title |
Journal of Fish Diseases |
container_volume |
40 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
1253 |
op_container_end_page |
1265 |
_version_ |
1810432195181936640 |