Association of hyperglycaemia with periodontal status: Results of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study

• Published in: Journal of Clinical Periodontology
• Main Authors: Tegelberg, Paula, Tervonen, Tellervo, Knuuttila, Matti, Jokelainen, Jari, Keinänen‐Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Auvinen, Juha, Ylöstalo, Pekka
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2020
• Subjects: Northern Finland
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13388; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jcpe.13388; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/jcpe.13388

Abstract Aim To investigate the association of hyperglycaemia and changes in glycaemic control with periodontal status in non‐diabetic individuals. Materials and methods A sub‐population ( n = 647) of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 was studied. We categorized long‐term glucose balance based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at ages 31 and 46: FPG <5.0 mmol/l (strict normoglycaemia), FPG 5.0–5.59 mmol/l (slightly elevated FPG) and FPG 5.6–6.9 mmol/l (prediabetes). Probing pocket depth (PPD) and alveolar bone level (BL) data were collected at age 46. Relative risks (RR, 95% CI) were estimated using Poisson regression models. Results Periodontal status was poorer in individuals whose glucose balance worsened from age 31 to 46 years than in those with a stable glucose balance. In the case of strict normoglycaemia at age 31 and slightly elevated FPG or prediabetes at age 46, the RRs for PPD ≥4 mm were 1.8 (95% CI 1.4–2.2) and 2.8 (95% CI 2.0–3.8) and for BL ≥5 mm 1.1 (95% CI 0.8–1.4) and 1.8 (95% CI 1.2–2.8), respectively. Conclusion The results of this population‐based cohort study suggest that impairment in glucose control in non‐diabetic individuals is associated with periodontal pocketing and alveolar bone loss.