Breaking the sticks: a hierarchical change‐point model for estimating ontogenetic shifts with stable isotope data

• Published in: Methods in Ecology and Evolution
• Main Authors: Authier, Matthieu, Martin, Céline, Ponchon, Aurore, Steelandt, Stephanie, Bentaleb, Ilham, Guinet, Christophe
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2011
• Subjects: Ecological Modeling; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics; Elephant Seals; Mirounga leonina; Southern Elephant Seals
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2011.00162.x; https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.2041-210X.2011.00162.x; https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00162.x

Summary 1. Stable isotopes are increasingly used in ecology to investigate ontogenetic shifts in foraging habitat (via δ 13 C) and in trophic level (via δ 15 N). These shifts are in essence an individual‐level phenomenon, requiring repeated measures throughout the life of individuals, i.e. longitudinal data. Longitudinal data require in turn specifying an appropriate covariance structure. Here we present a hierarchical model to jointly investigate individual ontogenetic shifts in δ 13 C and δ 15 N values. 2. In a Bayesian framework, we used a Cholesky decomposition for estimating a moderately‐sized covariance matrix, thereby directly estimating correlations between parameters describing time‐series of isotopic measurements. We offer guidelines on how to select the covariance structure. 3. The approach is illustrated with a hierarchical change‐point (or broken stick) model applied to a data set collected on Southern Elephant Seals, Mirounga leonina . Ontogenetic shifts in foraging habitat, following a juvenile and variable stage, were detected and interpreted as fidelity to a foraging strategy; while ontogenetic shifts in trophic level were more likely the result of complete independence from maternal resources followed by a gradual increase in trophic level as seals aged. 4. Specifying both an appropriate covariance and mean structure enabled us to draw strong inferences on the ecology of an elusive marine predator, and has wide applicability for isotopic ecology provided repeated isotopic measurements are available.