Stage‐dependent foraging in breeding black‐legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla: distinguishing behavioural responses to intrinsic and extrinsic factors
Different phases of the annual cycle in birds and mammals are often associated with characteristic and recurrent foraging behaviours. The extent to which stage‐dependent changes in foraging behaviour are caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors is unclear. We controlled for the effects of extrinsic...
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crwiley:10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03594.x 2024-09-15T18:32:24+00:00 Stage‐dependent foraging in breeding black‐legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla: distinguishing behavioural responses to intrinsic and extrinsic factors M. Humphreys, Elizabeth Wanless, Sarah M. Bryant, David 2006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03594.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.2006.0908-8857.03594.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03594.x en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Journal of Avian Biology volume 37, issue 5, page 436-446 ISSN 0908-8857 1600-048X journal-article 2006 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03594.x 2024-08-13T04:18:18Z Different phases of the annual cycle in birds and mammals are often associated with characteristic and recurrent foraging behaviours. The extent to which stage‐dependent changes in foraging behaviour are caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors is unclear. We controlled for the effects of extrinsic factors by synchronising groups of incubating and chick‐rearing black‐legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla . Synchrony amongst incubators and rearers was achieved experimentally by switching eggs between nests. Behavioural responses to the treatment varied between the sexes. Male kittiwakes with prolonged‐incubation made fewer foraging trips but of greater duration compared to those rearing chicks resulting in no change in the time spent on trips between the two groups. Females with prolonged‐incubation carried out fewer trips than those rearing chicks but trip duration did not differ between the two stages which resulted in prolonged‐incubating birds spending a lower percentage time on trips. In contrast, foraging ranges did not differ between prolonged‐incubation and chick‐rearing birds for either sex. This suggests that extrinsic factors, such as food availability and distribution determine kittiwake foraging locations and ranges, whereas intrinsic factors, reflected in parental duties, constrain nest attendance. Female prolonged‐incubators invested lower levels of parental effort, in terms of daily energy expenditure, compared to chick‐rearers whereas males did not show stage‐related differences in energy expenditure. This provides evidence that incubation could be an energetically cheaper stage although under normal conditions this difference may be masked by temporal variation in environmental factors. We conclude that while conditions differ between the incubation and chick rearing stages for kittiwakes at this colony, they are not the main factors prompting changes in stage‐related foraging patterns. Intrinsic factors such as sex differences, or behaviours required for each stage of the annual cycle, rather than ... Article in Journal/Newspaper rissa tridactyla Wiley Online Library Journal of Avian Biology 37 5 436 446 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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English |
description |
Different phases of the annual cycle in birds and mammals are often associated with characteristic and recurrent foraging behaviours. The extent to which stage‐dependent changes in foraging behaviour are caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors is unclear. We controlled for the effects of extrinsic factors by synchronising groups of incubating and chick‐rearing black‐legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla . Synchrony amongst incubators and rearers was achieved experimentally by switching eggs between nests. Behavioural responses to the treatment varied between the sexes. Male kittiwakes with prolonged‐incubation made fewer foraging trips but of greater duration compared to those rearing chicks resulting in no change in the time spent on trips between the two groups. Females with prolonged‐incubation carried out fewer trips than those rearing chicks but trip duration did not differ between the two stages which resulted in prolonged‐incubating birds spending a lower percentage time on trips. In contrast, foraging ranges did not differ between prolonged‐incubation and chick‐rearing birds for either sex. This suggests that extrinsic factors, such as food availability and distribution determine kittiwake foraging locations and ranges, whereas intrinsic factors, reflected in parental duties, constrain nest attendance. Female prolonged‐incubators invested lower levels of parental effort, in terms of daily energy expenditure, compared to chick‐rearers whereas males did not show stage‐related differences in energy expenditure. This provides evidence that incubation could be an energetically cheaper stage although under normal conditions this difference may be masked by temporal variation in environmental factors. We conclude that while conditions differ between the incubation and chick rearing stages for kittiwakes at this colony, they are not the main factors prompting changes in stage‐related foraging patterns. Intrinsic factors such as sex differences, or behaviours required for each stage of the annual cycle, rather than ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
M. Humphreys, Elizabeth Wanless, Sarah M. Bryant, David |
spellingShingle |
M. Humphreys, Elizabeth Wanless, Sarah M. Bryant, David Stage‐dependent foraging in breeding black‐legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla: distinguishing behavioural responses to intrinsic and extrinsic factors |
author_facet |
M. Humphreys, Elizabeth Wanless, Sarah M. Bryant, David |
author_sort |
M. Humphreys, Elizabeth |
title |
Stage‐dependent foraging in breeding black‐legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla: distinguishing behavioural responses to intrinsic and extrinsic factors |
title_short |
Stage‐dependent foraging in breeding black‐legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla: distinguishing behavioural responses to intrinsic and extrinsic factors |
title_full |
Stage‐dependent foraging in breeding black‐legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla: distinguishing behavioural responses to intrinsic and extrinsic factors |
title_fullStr |
Stage‐dependent foraging in breeding black‐legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla: distinguishing behavioural responses to intrinsic and extrinsic factors |
title_full_unstemmed |
Stage‐dependent foraging in breeding black‐legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla: distinguishing behavioural responses to intrinsic and extrinsic factors |
title_sort |
stage‐dependent foraging in breeding black‐legged kittiwakes rissa tridactyla: distinguishing behavioural responses to intrinsic and extrinsic factors |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2006 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03594.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.2006.0908-8857.03594.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03594.x |
genre |
rissa tridactyla |
genre_facet |
rissa tridactyla |
op_source |
Journal of Avian Biology volume 37, issue 5, page 436-446 ISSN 0908-8857 1600-048X |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03594.x |
container_title |
Journal of Avian Biology |
container_volume |
37 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
436 |
op_container_end_page |
446 |
_version_ |
1810474127501295616 |