Functional and numerical responses of four lemming predators in high arctic Greenland
The high‐arctic tundra ecosystem has the world's simplest vertebrate predator–prey community, with only four predators preying upon one rodent species, the collared lemming ( Dicrostonyx groenlandicus ). We document the functional and numerical responses of all the four predators in NE Greenlan...
Published in: | Oikos |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Wiley
2006
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14125.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.2006.0030-1299.14125.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14125.x |
id |
crwiley:10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14125.x |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
crwiley:10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14125.x 2024-09-30T14:22:17+00:00 Functional and numerical responses of four lemming predators in high arctic Greenland Gilg, Olivier Sittler, Benoît Sabard, Brigitte Hurstel, Arnaud Sané, Raphaël Delattre, Pierre Hanski, Ilkka 2006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14125.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.2006.0030-1299.14125.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14125.x en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Oikos volume 113, issue 2, page 193-216 ISSN 0030-1299 1600-0706 journal-article 2006 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14125.x 2024-09-05T05:04:38Z The high‐arctic tundra ecosystem has the world's simplest vertebrate predator–prey community, with only four predators preying upon one rodent species, the collared lemming ( Dicrostonyx groenlandicus ). We document the functional and numerical responses of all the four predators in NE Greenland. Using these data, we assess the impact of predation on the dynamics of the collared lemming with a 4 yr cycle and >100‐fold difference between maximum and minimum densities. All predator species feed mostly (>90%) on lemmings when lemming density is >1 ha −1 , but the shapes of the predators’ responses vary greatly. The snowy owl ( Nyctea scandiaca ) is present and breeds only when lemming densities at snowmelt are >2 ha −1 , giving rise to a step‐like numerical response. The long‐tailed skua ( Stercorarius longicaudus ) has a type III functional response and shifts from alternate food (mainly berries and insects) to lemmings with increasing lemming density. The skua surpasses all the other predators in summer by its total response. The type III functional response of the Arctic fox ( Alopex lagopus ) starts to increase at much lower lemming densities than the responses of the avian predators, but it has only a weak numerical response. Finally, the stoat ( Mustela erminea ) is the most specialized predator and the only one with a clearly delayed numerical response. According to their specific functional and numerical responses, each predator plays a key role at some point of the lemming cycle, but only the stoat has the potential to drive the lemming cycle. Stoat predation is greatly reduced in the winter preceding the lemming peak, and it reaches a maximum in the winter preceding the lowest lemming summer density. Stoat predation appears to maintain low lemming densities for at least two successive years. Our study provides empirical support for the specialist predator hypothesis about small mammal population cycles. Article in Journal/Newspaper Alopex lagopus Arctic Fox Arctic Dicrostonyx groenlandicus Greenland Long-tailed Skua Mustela erminea Nyctea scandiaca snowy owl Stercorarius longicaudus Tundra Wiley Online Library Arctic Greenland Oikos 113 2 193 216 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
The high‐arctic tundra ecosystem has the world's simplest vertebrate predator–prey community, with only four predators preying upon one rodent species, the collared lemming ( Dicrostonyx groenlandicus ). We document the functional and numerical responses of all the four predators in NE Greenland. Using these data, we assess the impact of predation on the dynamics of the collared lemming with a 4 yr cycle and >100‐fold difference between maximum and minimum densities. All predator species feed mostly (>90%) on lemmings when lemming density is >1 ha −1 , but the shapes of the predators’ responses vary greatly. The snowy owl ( Nyctea scandiaca ) is present and breeds only when lemming densities at snowmelt are >2 ha −1 , giving rise to a step‐like numerical response. The long‐tailed skua ( Stercorarius longicaudus ) has a type III functional response and shifts from alternate food (mainly berries and insects) to lemmings with increasing lemming density. The skua surpasses all the other predators in summer by its total response. The type III functional response of the Arctic fox ( Alopex lagopus ) starts to increase at much lower lemming densities than the responses of the avian predators, but it has only a weak numerical response. Finally, the stoat ( Mustela erminea ) is the most specialized predator and the only one with a clearly delayed numerical response. According to their specific functional and numerical responses, each predator plays a key role at some point of the lemming cycle, but only the stoat has the potential to drive the lemming cycle. Stoat predation is greatly reduced in the winter preceding the lemming peak, and it reaches a maximum in the winter preceding the lowest lemming summer density. Stoat predation appears to maintain low lemming densities for at least two successive years. Our study provides empirical support for the specialist predator hypothesis about small mammal population cycles. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Gilg, Olivier Sittler, Benoît Sabard, Brigitte Hurstel, Arnaud Sané, Raphaël Delattre, Pierre Hanski, Ilkka |
spellingShingle |
Gilg, Olivier Sittler, Benoît Sabard, Brigitte Hurstel, Arnaud Sané, Raphaël Delattre, Pierre Hanski, Ilkka Functional and numerical responses of four lemming predators in high arctic Greenland |
author_facet |
Gilg, Olivier Sittler, Benoît Sabard, Brigitte Hurstel, Arnaud Sané, Raphaël Delattre, Pierre Hanski, Ilkka |
author_sort |
Gilg, Olivier |
title |
Functional and numerical responses of four lemming predators in high arctic Greenland |
title_short |
Functional and numerical responses of four lemming predators in high arctic Greenland |
title_full |
Functional and numerical responses of four lemming predators in high arctic Greenland |
title_fullStr |
Functional and numerical responses of four lemming predators in high arctic Greenland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Functional and numerical responses of four lemming predators in high arctic Greenland |
title_sort |
functional and numerical responses of four lemming predators in high arctic greenland |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2006 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14125.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.2006.0030-1299.14125.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14125.x |
geographic |
Arctic Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Greenland |
genre |
Alopex lagopus Arctic Fox Arctic Dicrostonyx groenlandicus Greenland Long-tailed Skua Mustela erminea Nyctea scandiaca snowy owl Stercorarius longicaudus Tundra |
genre_facet |
Alopex lagopus Arctic Fox Arctic Dicrostonyx groenlandicus Greenland Long-tailed Skua Mustela erminea Nyctea scandiaca snowy owl Stercorarius longicaudus Tundra |
op_source |
Oikos volume 113, issue 2, page 193-216 ISSN 0030-1299 1600-0706 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14125.x |
container_title |
Oikos |
container_volume |
113 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
193 |
op_container_end_page |
216 |
_version_ |
1811633694026235904 |